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  3. Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street c

Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street c

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问题      Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. "It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem." write Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.
     The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime.
     The study concludes: Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one’s proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous. The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm. "As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves, "perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility." the researchers wrote.
     In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believed the "self-promoting establishment" was starting to crumble. "What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control." he said. In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the disguised equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let’s hope it is indeed crumbling.
Nowadays in the schools ______ .
选项 A、self-esteem is emphasized as the ultimate goal of one’s pursuit
B、the self-esteem movement has lost its momentum
C、the idea of self-esteem boosts real achievement
D、emphasis in self-esteem helps to promote the idea of equality
答案A
解析 细节性推断题。本题问及目前学校教育中自尊心教育对学生的影响。文章最后一段明确指出，目前学校教育应将自尊心的培养作为终极目标(as an end in it self)，而非随成功而至的“副产品”。教育者竭力培养学生自尊心的传统至今仍然根深蒂固，由此可排除B、C项。作者认为学校的这种做法只不过制造出一种虚假的平等(the disguised equality)，由此可排除D。故选A。
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