甲公司和乙公司双方签订买卖合同,甲公司向乙公司购入价值100万元的货物用于试制新产品,承诺3个月后付款。甲公司应乙公司的要求,请A公司和B公司作担保人。其中,A公司以自有的一套加工设备提供抵押担保,B公司提供保证担保。 乙公司向甲公司按期供货后,甲公司

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问题 甲公司和乙公司双方签订买卖合同,甲公司向乙公司购入价值100万元的货物用于试制新产品,承诺3个月后付款。甲公司应乙公司的要求,请A公司和B公司作担保人。其中,A公司以自有的一套加工设备提供抵押担保,B公司提供保证担保。
  乙公司向甲公司按期供货后,甲公司为筹集资金,将购人的该批货物作为抵押物,向银行贷款50万元,并办理了抵押登记手续。几天后,甲公司又将已经用于抵押的一部分货物以30万元的价款转让给丙公司。该转让合同签订时甲公司没有通知银行,也未将转让的货物已用于抵押的情况告诉丙公司。
  由于试制新产品失败,甲公司在承诺的付款期满后,未能向乙公司支付所欠的货款。乙公司要求A公司、B公司两位担保人代为偿还。B公司认为合同中未注明保证的方式,属于一般保证。在乙公司就甲公司财产依法强制执行用于清偿债务前,自己享有先诉抗辩权,拒绝承担保证责任;且B公司认为自己提供的是保证担保,乙公司应当先就A公司提供的物的担保实现债权。
  乙还调查了解到甲公司的以下情况:
(1)甲公司是由C、D、E三位股东共同出资设立的有限责任公司,三位股东各持有1/3的股权。该公司没有设立董事会,由C股东担任执行董事兼监事,D股东担任总经理兼公司法定代表人。
(2)甲公司正在使用的设备是公司设立时,由E股东以个人名义向丁公司购买的,尚有质量保证金5万元没有支付,此前甲公司以种种借口予以拖延。丁公司已经以甲公司为被告向法院提起诉讼。
(3)对甲公司将其用于抵押的货物在抵押期内又转让的做法,E股东认为不合法。E股东曾提议召开临时股东会讨论解聘C的职务,但由于C股东和D股东拒绝未能召开。
(4)D股东曾私自将公司的部分资产为其亲友贷款作抵押,给甲公司造成损失10万元。E股东请求监事会提起诉讼,但是监事会不予理睬,于是E拟对D股东向法院提起诉讼。
  要求:根据以上事实并结合法律规定,回答下列问题。
(1)甲公司将购入后尚未付款的货物用于抵押担保是否合法?并说明理由。
(2)甲公司是否可以自行将已经抵押的货物转让给丙公司?并说明理由。
(3)B公司的两个理由是否成立?并分别说明理由。
(4)甲公司设立时,哪些方面不符合《公司法》规定?并说明理由。
(5)丁公司以甲公司为被告提起诉讼是否可以得到法院支持?并说明理由。
(6)F股东提议召开临时股东会是否合法?并说明理由。
(7)D股东给公司造成的损失应如何处理?并说明理由。
(8)E股东可否对D股东直接向法院提起诉讼?并说明理由。

选项

答案(1)抵押担保合法。根据规定,标的物的所有权自标的物交付时起转移,但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。所以,甲公司拥有该批货物的所有权。且甲公司办理了抵押物登记,该抵押合法有效。 (2)不可以转让。根据规定,抵押期间,抵押人未经抵押权人同意,不得转让抵押财产,但受让人代为清偿债务消灭抵押权的除外。 (3)①第一个理由不成立。根据规定,当事人在保证合同中对保证方式没有约定或约定不明确的,保证人应承担连带责任保证,故B公司应承担连带责任保证.不享有先诉抗辩权。 ②第二个理由不成立。根据规定,被担保的债权既有物的担保又有人的担保的,债务人不履行到期债务,债权人应当按照约定实现债权;没有约定或者约定不明确,债务人自己提供物的担保的,债权人应当先就该物的担保实现债权;第三人提供物的担保的,债权人可以就物的担保实现债权,也可以要求保证人承担保证责任。本题中是第三人提供的物保,所以不优先执行物保。 (4)甲公司设立时,由C股东担任执行董事同时兼任监事不合法。根据规定,公司的董事、高级管理人员不得兼任公司监事。 (5)丁公司以甲公司为被告提起诉讼可以得到法院支持。根据规定,发起人为设立公司以自己名义对外签订合同,公司成立后,对以发起人名义订立的合同予以确认,或者已经实际享有合同权利或者履行合同义务,合同相对人请求公司承担合同责任的,人民法院应予支持。 (6)E股东提议召开临时股东会合法。根据规定,有限责任公司中,经代表公司1/10以上表决权的股东、1/3以上的董事、监事会或者不设监事会的公司的监事提议可以召开临时股东会。本题中E股东持有公司1/3的股权,有权提议召开临时股东会。 (7)损失应由D股东赔偿。根据规定,公司董事、高级管理人员不得违反公司章程的规定,未经股东会、股东大会或者董事会同意,将公司资金借贷给他人或者以公司财产为他人提供担保。董事、监事、高级管理人员执行公司职务时违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程的规定,给公司造成损失的,应当承担赔偿责任。本题中D股东的行为违反了该规定,由此给公司造成损失,应对公司承担赔偿责任。 (8)E股东可以直接提起诉讼。根据规定,公司董事、高级管理人员执行公司职务时违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程的规定,给公司造成损失的,有限责任公司的股东可以通过监事会提起诉讼;监事会不履行职责的,股东可以直接提起诉讼。 Correct answers: (1)The mortgage guarantee of Jia is legal.According to the regulations,the title to thesubj ect matter passes at the time of its delivery,except otherwise provided by law or agreedby the parties.Therefore,Company Jia has the ownership of these goods,and it has registered the mortgaged property,so this mortgage is valid. (2)This transfer contract shall be invalid.According to the regulations,the ownership of the mortgaged property shall not be transferred without the consent of the mortgagee within the mortgage period,unless the assignee debts on behalf of a mortgagor.In,his case,Company Jia does not notify the bank when signing the transfer contract,so this transfer contract is invalid. (3)①The first reason is untenable.According to the regulations,when there is no arrangement or there is unclear arrangement on the modality of guarantee,the debtor and the guarantor shall assume ioint guarantee responsibility.Therefore,Company B shall assume the joint guarantee responsibility,and shall not enjoy prelitigat ion demur right. ②The second reason is untenable.According to the regulations,where the guaranteed creditor’s rights both involve property security and personal security,the creditor shall realize creditor’s rights in accordance with the contract.Where there is no such agreement OF the agreement is indefinite in this respect,if the debtor himself provides property as security,the creditor shall have his claim paid with such property first.Where a third party provides property as security,the creditor may either have his claim paid with such property or request the guarantor to undertake the suretyship.In this case,it is the third party that provides property as security,so it cannot perform the security interest first. (4)The shareholder C serves as an executive director and a supervisor as well when the company is established,which is not legal.According to the regulations,directors and senior managers shall not serve as supervi sors. (5)Company Ding’s lawsuit with Company Jia as the defendant can get the court’s support.According to the regulations,the initiator,in order to establish the company,signs the contract in its own name.After the establishment of the company,the company shall confirm the contract with the name of the initiator,or the company has already enjoyed the rights practically or performed its obligations,and the counterpart of the contract requests the company to undertake the responsibility in the contract,the people’s court shall uphold such requests. (6)The shareholder E proposes for interim meetings of shareholders’committee,which is legal.According to the regulations,in a limited liability company,the shareholders with more than 1/1 0 of the shares,and more than one third of the directors,supervisors can propose for interim meetings of shareholders’committee.In this case,the shareholder E holds 1/10 of the shares in the company,so he has the right to propose for a temporary shareholder meeting. (7)The 10sses should be paid by the shareholder D.According to the regulations,the directors and senior managers shall not violate the provisions of the articles of association to loan company funds to other people or to provide the guaranty to others,without the consents of shareholder meeting or the board of directors.All earnings derived by the directors or senior managers in violation of the provi sions in the preceding paragraph shall be returned to the company.In this case,the shareholder D violates the provisions,and causes the losses to the company.Therefore,he should bear the responsibility for the compensation. (8)The shareholder E can bring a lawsuit directly.According to the regulations,where the directors and senior managers violate laws,administrative regulations or the articles of association when performing their duties,and thus cause the losses to the company,the shareholders of the limited liability company may file a lawsuit by the board of supervisors.If the board of supervisors does not perform the duties,the shareholder may directly file a lawsuit.

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