首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person i
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person i
admin
2014-01-07
28
问题
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture".
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
The word "proponents" can best be replaced by
选项
A、approaches.
B、advocates.
C、principles.
D、characters.
答案
B
解析
从第4段首句比较明显地可以看出proponent和该句的they以及behaviorists所指相同,由此可见,proponent应指人;第5段第3句的conclude也表明proponent是有行为能力的人,由此可见,只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推测,故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/IWmMFFFM
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Inthepast,hip-hopwasaplaceforpeopletosingabout______.
HowmanypeoplediedoneregionaloneaftercycloneIvan?
Accordingtothepassage,whatdopeopleoftenthinkaboutastronomers?
Thisyear,likelotsofotherpeople,I’mgoingtotrytomakemyownChristmaspresents.It’snotthefirsttimethatI’veprom
Thisyear,likelotsofotherpeople,I’mgoingtotrytomakemyownChristmaspresents.It’snotthefirsttimethatI’veprom
Thisyear,likelotsofotherpeople,I’mgoingtotrytomakemyownChristmaspresents.It’snotthefirsttimethatI’veprom
随机试题
产品寿命周期中的产品普及期,又称
西红花药材的药用部位是
【设计条件】.场地内拟建一个10m×12m台地,其标高及坡度如图4-3-3(a)所示。.在台地北侧设排水沟,雨水由排水沟拦截并向东、西两侧顺坡排出。.北侧排水沟沟底宽为2m,沟深为0.3m(沟内排水坡度可忽略不计),沟底两侧均
深层搅拌桩的施工质量检验应在成桩()天后,采用浅部开挖桩头,目测其搅拌的均匀性。
中罔人口的分布呈现东部密、两部疏的格局;形成以汉族为主体的大聚居、小杂居、交错居住的格局。()
人格结构中的核心成分是()
世界局势云诡波谲,______________________、相互包容是中国和亚洲各国持续发展、行稳致远的必然选择,更加开放的中国将与亚洲各国______________________,在世界舞台发挥更加重要的作用。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是:
(1999年)设X1,X2,…,X9是来自正态总体X的简单随机样本,Y1=(X1+X2+…+X6),Y2=(X7+X8+X9),S2=(Xi-Y2)2,Z=,证明统计量Z服从自由度为2的t分布。
ThenumberofimmigrantslivingintheUSAhasrisenby16percentoverthelastfiveyears,fueledlargelybyrecentarrivalsf
Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Itisallv
最新回复
(
0
)