首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
admin
2015-07-27
40
问题
Chinese Calligraphy
Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centuries in the history of China. Today it still has a place in museums.
I. Roles of calligraphy
A. a means of communication
B. a way of expressing the 【B1】______ of nature 【B1】______
II. Characteristics of calligraphy
A. Calligraphy as an expressive art: to 【B2】______ the 【B2】______
identity of a man
B. Calligraphy as a practical fine art: to be used as ornaments
III. Benefits of practicing calligraphy
A. getting one’s subconsciousness exercised
B. bringing about 【B3】______ between the mind and the body 【B3】______
C. enabling one to enjoy healthy life and longevity
IV. Five basic script types in Chinese calligraphy
A. the Seal Script
— the oldest style, making a signature-like impression
— generally used in 【B4】______ today 【B4】______
B. the Official or Clerical Script
— Characters appear 【B5】______ : strokes often start thin 【B5】______
and end thick.
— still common in printing because of its elegance
C. the Regular Script
— Characters are regular, written 【B6】______ . 【B6】______
— most widely used and the most legible
D. the Running Script
— Strokes may run into one another.
— Characters are less 【B7】______ . 【B7】______
E. the Cursive Script
— a flowing style with few angular lines
— Strokes are altered or removed for smooth
writing or purpose __【B8】______ 【B8】______
V. Status and influence of calligraphy
A. an important 【B9】______ for imperial court to select officials 【B9】______
B. an art unique to Asian cultures
C. a source of inspiration to 【B10】______ 【B10】______
【B4】
Chinese Calligraphy
Good morning, everyone. Today’s lecture is about Chinese calligraphy. In China, calligraphy is one of the four traditional Chinese arts, the other three being guqin, chess and painting. Calligraphy dates back to the earliest days in Chinese history, and is admired and displayed in museums just as paintings are.
[1] For the Chinese, the ancient art of the written word is not just a method of communication but also a means of expressing the dynamic forces of the natural world. By controlling the concentration of ink, the thickness and absorption of the paper, and the flexibility of the brush, the artist is free to produce an infinite variety of styles and forms. Chinese calligraphy serves the purpose of conveying thought but also shows the "abstract" beauty of the line. Rhythm, line, and structure are more perfectly embodied in calligraphy than in painting or sculpture.
[2] Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them", one can "read" the identity of the person through his or her handwriting. Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, [2] calligraphy is a reflection of a person’s emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, and accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life.
Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value. Moreover, calligraphy is often used to decorate articles of everyday use. Even on the ordinary, everyday level of life, beautiful writing is appreciated.
To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke until the spirit of the practice gets into one’s mind. Calligraphy can temper a person into a state in which one can apply subconsciousness absorbed from daily practice to control the concentration of ink and the compatibility of font and size of each piece or word. [3] To the artist, calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and the body to choose the best styling in expressing the content of the passage. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise indeed for one’s physical and spiritual well being. Historically, many calligraphy artists were well known for their longevity.
Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture. Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories: the Seal Script (zhuanshu), the Official or Clerical Script (lishu), the Regular Script (kaishu), the Running Script (xingshu) and the Cursive Script (caoshu).
The Seal Script (often called Small Seal Script) is the formal script of the Qin system of writing. It is the oldest style that continues to be widely practiced. [4] Today, this ancient style of Chinese writing is used predominantly in seals, hence the English name. Although seals, which make a signature-like impression, are carved in wood, jade and other materials, the script itself was originally written with brush and ink on paper, just like all other scripts.
The Official or Clerical Script developed from the Seal Script. [5] In general, characters are often "flat" in appearance, being wider than they are tall. The strokes may appear curved, and often start thin and end thick. Most noticeable is the dramatically flared tail of one dominant horizontal or downward-diagonal stroke, especially that to the lower right. This characteristic stroke has famously been called "silkworm head and wild goose tail" (cantou yanwei) in Chinese due to its distinctive shape.
The Clerical Script became mature in the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty and replaced the Seal Script. Modern works in the Clerical Script tend to use the mature, late Han style, and may also use modernized character structures, resulting in a form as transparent and legible as Regular Script. The Clerical Script remains common as a typeface used for decorative purposes, but it is not commonly written.
The Regular Script (often called Standard Script or simply kaishu) is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop, emerging between the Chinese Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period, gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and maturing in the Tang Dynasty. It emerged from a neatly written, early period semi-cursive form of clerical script. [6] As the name suggests, the Regular Script is "regular", with each of the strokes placed slowly and carefully, the brush lifted from the paper and all the strokes distinct from each other. The Regular Script is also the most easily and widely recognized style.
The Semi-cursive Script (xingshu), also called Running Script, approximates normal handwriting in which strokes and, more rarely, characters are allowed to run into one another. In writing in the Semi-cursive Script, the brush leaves the paper less often than in the Regular Script. [7] Characters appear less angular and rounder.
The Cursive Script (sometimes called Grass Script, caoshu) is a fully cursive script, and is hard to read. Entire characters may be written without lifting the brush from the paper at all, and characters are highly rounded and soft in appearance, with a noticeable lack of angular lines. [8] Strokes are modified or eliminated completely to facilitate smooth writing and to create a beautiful, abstract appearance.
Chinese calligraphy was established as a "high art" form well before the Tang dynasty. It has continuously enjoyed a high status among the arts ever since. [9] During the imperial era, calligraphy was used as an important criterion for selection of executives to the Imperial court.
Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.
[10] Widely accepted by the West, many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern Western art. In the West, Picasso and Matisse are two artists who openly declared the influence by Chinese calligraphy on their works. Picasso even said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter."
OK, today we’ve introduced the ancient art of calligraphy, mainly the five basic script types. Next week, we’ll appreciate works of calligraphy masters throughout the history of China, thereby bringing an aesthetic dimension to your understanding of Chinese writing.
选项
答案
seals
解析
本题的大标题是中国书法的五种字体。本题所在处问的是the Seal Script在当今的用途。讲座对中国书法进行分类后,接下来具体介绍第一类,即the Seal Script(篆书)。讲座中提到Today, this ancient style of Chinese writing is used predominantly in seals,由此可以直接得出答案为seals。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/I3YYFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Evenahalf-heartedonlookercannothelpbutrealizethatinthisfast-pacedworld,mostaspectsofpopularcultureareconstan
HaroldPinterwhowasawardedtheNobelPrizeforhiscontributionsinplaywroteallthefollowingEXCEPT
______isthefinancialcapitaloftheworld.
Writeanessayelaboratingthestatement"Inmanysituations,compromiseisnecessary".Requirement:Yourwritingshouldh
AccordingtoSharon,whoisthemostlylikelytofallvictimtohemochromatosis?
______personallydirectedtheactionbyusingthearmytodriveafewhundredWWIveteransoutofthecapital.
Canada’slargestcityis
HowDeerSurviveWinterLikemostofthewildanimals,deersurvivethecoldwinterbyusingenergystoredinthesummerand
Whathappensifyoureleasetheodoroflavenderintoarestaurant?Incaseof【M1】______asmallshopinFrance,atleast
OnChristmasday,millionsofBritonswillgatheraroundthetelevisiontowatchDowntonAbbey,anostalgicsoapoperasetinth
随机试题
《香市》中写道“社庙的左屋被‘公安分局’借去做了衙门”,“社庙的左偏殿上又有什么‘蚕种改良所’的招牌”。这里运用的:表现手法是()
某男,28岁,平素嗜食辛辣,一个月前因饮酒过度引起上腹部疼痛,多方治疗效果不佳。现病人胃脘隐隐灼痛,饥不欲食,嘈杂,口燥咽干,口渴欲饮,体瘦,大便偏干,舌红无苔而干,脉细。
扩张型心肌病左、右心室同时衰竭时,与临床症状和体征最有关的因素是()
“费用目标”对( )而言是投资目标,对( )而言是成本目标。
在进行公司分析时,需要重点分析的是( )。
(2016·安徽)下列关于气质的说法,正确的有()
“侧耳倾听”“举目凝视”“屏息凝视”等现象属于注意的()。
近年来,男护士在医院中的比例越来越高,他们帮助女护士__________了不少繁重的工作,也为患者家属减轻了不少__________。现在医院的男护士在普通病房工作的比较少,一般都是在手术室和重症监护室__________比较耗费体力的工作。依次填入画横线
いくら電話を()、誰も出ません。
Howdidthespeakerfeelwhenheranhisfirstmile?Hefeltitwasthe______thinghehadeverdone.
最新回复
(
0
)