2. 外语
  3. In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist’s desk and asked.

In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist’s desk and asked.

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问题    In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist’s desk and asked. "What tribe(部落)is he?" When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona, the applicant replied, "Then I’ll never get the job. "
   This phenomenon is called tribalism(部落主义). There are more than 2, 000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagery, warfare, or old-fashioned customs.
   However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one’s ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group tribesman. To give a job to a fellow is not wrong: it is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, and authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from sergeant to captain, from clerk to manager— within a very short time.
   Tribalism remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life. Yet modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions.  
What might be the common attitudes of Westerners towards tribalism?
选项 A、Positive.
B、Indifferent.
C、Negative.
D、None of the above.
答案C
解析 细节判断题。从第二段To the Westerner，tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand． It makes many people think of savagery，warfare，or old-fashioned customs可以看出，西方人对部落主义很不理解，而且会联想到野蛮、战争或者过时的习俗，因此他们对非洲的部落主义的看法是不支持的，所以答案选C。
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