A、By theorization. B、By generalization. C、By observation. D、By conversation. C细节归纳题。原文中提到，我们大多数人都有关于如何判断某人是否在说谎的理论。我们可能会通过观察那些我们

A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying. Most of us have a theory about how to tell if someone is telling a lie. We may develop that theory from observations of those people we know well and see regularly, but we tend to generalize what we gather from that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory.
    So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes, or the opposite—they simply stare at you. Or perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies. Whatever the particular theory, it’s usually based on close observation of people we know. And we get lots of practice. On average, we’re lied to some 200 times per day. These are mostly harmless lies, but lies nonetheless.
    But there’s a problem with our theories, even though they’re based on all these observations. The average person—you and me—tested rigorously on how well we detect lies fails to do better than chance. That’s well established over many studies and lots of attempts by researchers to work out reliable ways to detect lies. It’s even relatively easy to fool lie detectors, the gold standard of lie detection, by training yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression.
    Is there any way to get better at detecting lies? The new research offers some surprising advice. Stop looking and listen instead. It turns out that if we’re unable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in question, our accuracy rate improves considerably.
    12. According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?
    13. What does the passage say about most lies?
    14. What have many studies uncovered about the average person’s lie detection?
    15. What advice does the new research offer regarding lie detection?