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  3. Panic Attacks Panic attack - a sudden or intense fear, anxiety or sense of impending doom, which reaches a peak very quickly.

Panic Attacks Panic attack - a sudden or intense fear, anxiety or sense of impending doom, which reaches a peak very quickly.

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问题                                   Panic Attacks
   Panic attack - a sudden or intense fear, anxiety or sense of impending doom, which reaches a peak very quickly. (Usually within a few minutes of it starting). It may be accompanied by pronounced physical symptoms, including a racing pulse, over- breathing, dizziness. An attack generally peaks within 10 minutes, but some symptoms may last much longer.  There are known to be three types of panic attack. Spontaneous panic
    Associated to panic disorder, these attacks come without warning at any time regardless of location or situation.
    This sort of attack does not need an external catalyst to start it.
    Spontaneous panic often happens during sleep, waking the sufferer in its throws and causing the person to think they are having a heart attack or something similar.
    A panic attack builds subconsciously as a response to an unusual thought or sensation.
    In other words, when unusual sensations or disturbing thoughts, which are common in anxiety disorders, suddenly rear their heads, the sufferer’s immediate reaction is to panic.
    The brain has been programmed to respond like this through repeated experiences creating habitual or instinctual panic which is stored as a memory deep in the subconscious mind and controlled by the Amygdala, a small, but important, organ that regulates the anxiety response and other emotional responses.
    This reaction starts a downward spiral of anxiety symptoms, the more symptoms there are, the more the person panics, and the more they panic, the more the symptoms occur; a vicious cycle is created from which it is very difficult to escape. The Amygdala ’ learns’ that this new level of anxiety is the new ’ benchmark’ for your ’ normal’, resting anxiety so next time you experience an anxious thought or sensation, the reaction is more intense.
    Fear breeds fear and the cycle starts.
Specific panic attacks
    These attacks happen in relation to a specific situation or place that causes fear.
    These attacks are usually the response to agoraphobia (惧旷症) or other SPECIFIC fears where revisiting a place where you have panicked or had a bad experience before, could cause an attack.
Situational panic
    Although these attacks, like specific panic attacks, usually happen in certain situations, they are not caused by that situation.
    For example, a woman who has a panic attack on a bus, may only suffer them in that situation occasionally. She is predisposed to having attacks on the bus but it is not a response to fear of the bus.
    The catalyst for your panic is irrelevant, all you need to know now is that you CAN do something about it no matter what you have been told before!
The difference between situational panic and specific panic attacks is that though both happen in certain situations, the former______.
选项
答案are not caused by that situation
解析 本文的第十四、十五段中提到：“Although these attacks(situational panic)，like specific panic attacks，usually happen in certain situations，they are not caused by that situation”。其意思是：虽然这些发个(触景生情的恐慌)像特殊的恐慌一样，通常在一定的情景下发作，但是它们(触景生情的恐慌)不是由这些情景造成的。注意：“但是……”表示两者的区别。(参看本文的第十六段)
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