2. 外语
  3. In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized co

In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized co

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问题    In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.
   But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied. In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientists and technicians to return to Latin America.
   In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program’ s Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate (移居国外的) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain from these countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.
   Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce. As a result, there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.
According to the author, the developing countries should______.
选项 A、collaborate more effectively with international organizations
B、maintain their current administrative procedures
C、give preferences to those fields where those highly qualified people are needed
D、establish more return programs with the aid of the UN
答案C
解析 由题干中的“the developing countries should”可知，此处考查的是作者为这些派遣留学生的发展中国家提的建议，据此可以定位到文中第四段。第四段第二句话提到，发展中国家亟须参考本国人才缺乏的领域外派留学生，从而使其能为本国机构效力。故选C。
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