首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and nongovernmental organizations, is focusing on ma
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and nongovernmental organizations, is focusing on ma
admin
2010-06-18
39
问题
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and nongovernmental organizations, is focusing on major crippling forms of malnutrition: protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency disorders, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia.
In some regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, stagnation of nutritional improvement combined with a rapid rise in population has resulted in an actual increase in the total number of malnourished children. Currently, over two-thirds of the world’ s malnourished children live in Asia, followed by Africa and Latin America.
Various types of micronutrient malnutrition are important causes of disability in themselves and often underlie other types of morbidity. Their prevalence is even more widespread than that of protein-energy malnutrition.
In sheer numbers, iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency, with nearly 1990 million people being anemic and 3600 million iron-deficient. Iron deficiency is present when body iron stores are depleted.
Mainly women of reproductive age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency, with prevalences hovering around 50% in developing countries. Among various regions of the world, it is south Asia which is hit hardest with prevalences reaching 80 % in some countries. In infants and young children even mild anaemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development. In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased absenteeism and accidents at work. During pregnancy, maternal anaemia aggravates the effects of hemorrhage at childbirth and is a major contributing factor to maternal mortality.
While there is no single remedy, a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best. Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron- and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals. Iron fortification of foods, particularly of staple cereals, is practiced in a growing number of countries. Iron supplementation is the most common approach, particularly for pregnant women.
Another major problem is iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Iodine deficiency remains the single greatest cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation worldwide. WHO estimated in 1990 that 1570 million people, or about 30 % of the world’s population, were at risk of IDD.
Insufficient intakes of iodine in pregnancy and early childhood result in impaired mental development of young children. Even marginal deficiency may reduce a child’s mental development by as much as 10 IQ points.
The third major micronutrient deficiency is vitamin A deficiency which is officially recognized in 76 countries as a major public health problem. The number of children under five affected clinically is estimated at 2.8 million, with 258 million being diagnosed as having a biochemical deficiency. The highest prevalence and numbers are in Southeast Asia.
Depletion occurs when the diet contains too little vitamin A to replace the amount used by tissues. The consequences include night blindness and the destruction of the cornea. Vitamin A deficiency is the most common cause of blindness in young children. Where clinical vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem, young child mortality rates are raised by 20 % to 30 %.
There are several tried and tested ways of preventing and treating vitamin A deficiency, including improved production and consumption of foods rich in vitamin A or carotene, especially dark-green leafy vegetables and fruits, and liver, eggs and milk products if available. Fortification of fats has been successfully introduced in industrialized countries while the same technique using sugar proved to be equally successful in Central America. Another useful strategy is supplementation with large doses of vitamin A every 4 to 6 months for children of pre-school age and lactating women.
This article is mainly about ______.
选项
A、WHO’s mission and achievements
B、micronutrient malnutrition and its negative effects on children’s health
C、the inadequate health care system in the world
D、the rising infant mortality and its causes
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/FO3YFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThefirstcasesofthedeadlyH5N1havebeenconfirmedin【B1】______wheremosteffortsfocusontryingtokeepdomesticbirdsaw
A、Bothparentsworkingandraisingtwoorthreechildren.B、Aworkingfather,ahousewifemotherandacoupleofchildren.C、Mar
Thecars,SUVsandpickupspeoplewillbuyintheyearsaheadarelikelytouselessfuel,andmanywillrelyonethanolorhous
A、Tocreateyourowndatabasesonthecomputer.B、Toenhanceyoursocialskillsbyholdingpartieswithyourfriends.C、Touset
Howisurbanizationnegativelyaffectingoursociety?Theanswertothisquestionisnotasimpleone.Urbanism【C1】______,polit
Howisurbanizationnegativelyaffectingoursociety?Theanswertothisquestionisnotasimpleone.Urbanism【C1】______,polit
JosephEpstein,afamousAmericanwriter,oncesaid,"Wedecidewhatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Wedecide(so)th
1 "Internationalcommunication"iscommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentcultures.Thisdefinitionissimple.Butt
GivenShakespeare’spopularityasanactorandaplaywrightandhisconspicuousfinancialsuccess,itwasnotsurprisingthatje
随机试题
A.抗Sm抗体B.类风湿因子C.抗SSA抗体D.抗磷脂抗体E.抗PR3抗体常见于类风湿关节炎的抗体
关于酒精戒断综合征的处理,正确的是
桥梁结构混凝土材质强度的评定标度,是根据()的取值范围确定的。
仲裁过程中,如当事人双方达成了调解协议,则仲裁庭下述作法正确的有( )。
下列选项中,不可对库存商品账户进行明细核算的是
根据《会计管理条例》规定,县级以上财政部门作出按照()的原则,合理设置会计及相关工作岗位,明确职责权限,形成相互制约机制。
上市公司募集资金必须存放于公司股东大会决定的专项账户。()
根据营业税的有关规定,下列表述正确的有()。
简述斯金纳的强化观。
Theirmutualteasingseemed(i)____,butinfactit(ii)____along-standinghostility.
最新回复
(
0
)