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  3. Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

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问题     Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of his family home. That was the first of many unimaginable traumas he faced before arriving in Germany as a refugee in 2015. "I couldn’t get the image of my father out of my head," he says.
    Hasani is one of more than 100 refugees who have taken part in a study to examine how mental health can be damaged by such traumas—it is perhaps the largest and most detailed of young refugees’ psychological status carried out so far. Young people who flee their countries are already at greater risk of developing mental-health problems than is the general population. Migration itself is known to be a factor in developing such disorders—but many refugees also experience violent and life-threatening events before and during their flight. The latest study is the first to try to quantify how these events affect psychiatric problems—and it finds that the risk of developing mental-health problems, and their severity, rise significantly with each accumulated trauma a person has experienced.
    Environmental stressors can increase the risk of young people developing psychiatric disorders, particularly if they already have a slight genetic predisposition. These range from experiencing or witnessing violence to migration and living in cities. In a 2014 study, Ehrenreich showed that even being the child of a migrant constitutes such a risk.
    Neurologist and psychiatrist Martin Begemann conducted detailed physical, psychological and cognitive examinations of each participant. He asked about their traumatic experiences, which often included torture, slavery and physical abuse. He found scars from gunshot wounds, stabbings, explosions, burns and electric shocks on 40％ of the participants. Begemann then conducted interviews to determine whether the participants showed signs of depression, psychosis or cognitive difficulties. He organized psychiatric treatment for those who needed it.
    The researchers used their assessments to quantify a person’s overall risk of mental-health problems, and found that this rose stepwise with the number of risk factors experienced. In addition, refugees’ ability to cope with daily life declined with each additional trauma. The team also found some factors that had been thought to be "psychologically protective", such as fleeing with a family member or a friend, didn’t seem to mitigate the effects of the negative stressors.
    The authors note that stressors continue in host nations—for example, poor living conditions, multiple relocations, social exclusion and hostility towards refugees because they are foreigners. Stressful conditions such as these in many centres only add to the risk and the latest work emphasizes this, says Peter Ventevogel, senior mental-health officer at the UN Refugee Agency. For participants such as Hasani, the study was beneficial because it led him into psychiatric therapy. "Now I am feeling better and can sleep," he says.
What can we learn from the last paragraph?
选项 A、Refugee centres can improve the living conditions of refugees.
B、Participants feel better and are able to sleep due to drug therapy.
C、Martin Begemann’s study is beneficial to refugees’ quality of life.
D、Stressors exist in host nations because refugees are foreigners.
答案D
解析 文章最后一段提到在难民的收容国家中，难民经常面对的问题是poor living conditions, multiple relocations, social exclusion and hostility towards refugees (恶劣的生活条件、多次搬迁、社会排斥以及对难民的敌意)，而这些问题产生的原因就是因为他们是从其他国家来的外国人，即在收容国存在的压力因素来自难民的外国人身份。因此，选项D为答案。最后一段第二句提到Stressful conditions such as these in many centres only add to the risk(难民中心存在诸如此类的压力状况只会增加风险)，A项正反颠倒，应排除；而最后一段第三句表示，对马尔特扎.哈萨尼来说the study was beneficial because it led him into psychiatric therapy(这项研究是有益的，因为这让他开始进行精神治疗)，且马尔特扎.哈萨尼自己也表示Now I am feeling better and can sleep(现在我感觉好多了，可以入睡了)，由此可知，这里指的是精神治疗并非药物治疗，故B项应排除；文中最后一段提到the study was beneficial because it led him into psychiatric therapy (这项研究是有益的，因为这让他开始进行精神治疗)，所以此项研究只能改善极少数难民的精神状况，并不意味着能提高其生活质量，更不能提高所有难民的生活质量，所以C项这项研究有利于提高难民的生活质量应排除。
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