首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Choose THREE letters, A-F, and write them next to Questions 38-40. The invention of different gears on a bicycle affected which
Choose THREE letters, A-F, and write them next to Questions 38-40. The invention of different gears on a bicycle affected which
admin
2022-03-30
27
问题
Choose THREE letters, A-F, and write them next to Questions 38-40.
The invention of different gears on a bicycle affected which THREE of the following?
A Wheel size
B Balance
C Rate of speed
D The back wheel
E Safety
F Downhill travel
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I’d like to take this opportunity to welcome you to our exhibition, ’ Two Centuries of the Bike’. Let’s stroll around the exhibition, shall we?
Although there were a few early efforts back in the 1700s, you didn’t really see many bikes till, say, the 1830s in England. Bikes were a response to the rapid growth of cities early in the 19th century. Cities like London were getting too big to walk across! The early bike
let people travel with less effort than walking.
Plus a bike was a lot cheaper than a horse!
Think of it. No one invented a bike for, what, five thousand years of human history? Why did people do it then? Probably because this was the start of the Machine Age: people wanted machines to do all the work. There were some drawbacks, however. For one thing, there were no pedals. You simply pushed yourself along using your feet. Kind of like today’s skateboard. That meant you went fairly slowly. And uphill, you actually worked harder, pushing that two-wheeler. Plus, the wheels were made of wood covered with metal, as you can see from this model. So the
downside was that the ride was quite uncomfortable
on most roads. Only a few gadget lovers had or used them.
By the 1860s, though, improvements were being made.
As you can see from this specimen, metal frames had become the rule. They’re more durable than wood, and they don’t warp in the rain.
The biggest improvement, how-
ever, was the development of the chain and sprocket system. They are connected.
This meant you did not push the bike. You used pedals just like today. You had to try harder to balance, so it took some practice to figure out how to use the pedals.
But it made the ride so much easier.
As a result,
the good thing was that you could ride a lot more smoothly and with very little effort.
By the 1880s, another big change was the use of rubber wheels.
These became pretty common at that time. Though the first ones were solid rubber, the ride was a good deal more comfortable than the old iron and wood system. This is a big consideration because the faster you go, the more you feel every bump. Air-filled tyres — ’pneumatic tyres’ — didn’t really come into use till around the year 1900, as you can see from this exhibition over here. That made the ride even more comfortable.
So, by 1890 or so, people were going a lot faster and a lot more smoothly. There was one problem when you were going quickly and comfortably: ’OH NO! HOW DO I STOP?’ Yes, we all laugh now. But for a long time, the only way to stop was drag your feet. That didn’t work very well and it would be dangerous if you were going fast. In the crowded cities of those years — New York, Chicago, and so on, you would get killed if you couldn’t stop for, say, a streetcar. Plus look at this bike. The front wheel is nearly a metre and two thirds tall! They made them that way so you could see over people and wagons. But you couldn’t drag your feet. This model is called a ’velocipede’ — a ’speed pedal’. Another characteristic of the bike in this period is that it has two equal-sized wheels, which signalled a big change in bikes.
For with the velocipede, brakes appeared. If you wanted to stop, you just pushed the pedal backwards. Doing that stopped the back wheel of the bike. This technique worked a lot better than dragging your feet or jumping off the high seat there!
This meant that bikes became a great deal safer.
It would have been safer if people wore helmets, but the first bicycle helmet wasn’t invented until years later, and even then it was little more than a leather ballcap. It really wasn’t until the 1970s that the bike helmet was modified to provide some real protection.
Before continuing on to look at developments since the 1890s, let’s say a word more about safety. Everyone knows if you’re going downhill, you can get going dangerously fast. To go more than a hundred kilometres an hour isn’t all that difficult! But even on level ground, it’s easy to go too quickly. On a city street, today’s bicycles can be ridden at a speed of over forty miles an hour, over a short distance. That’s about sixty-four kilometres an hour. Remember you’re on a bike, not in a car. There’s nothing to protect you. People are killed in single-bicycle accidents every day, just from hitting the road.
A good rule to remember is, if you’re going faster than the cars, slow down. And please wear a helmet. Nearly one quarter of the epilepsy cases come from head injuries in accidents on bikes and motorcycles. I didn’t mean to scare you, but safety is everyone’s business.
What? Now that’s a good question. Why are today’s bikes so much faster? Well, it’s not just that today’s athletes are faster. The answer is partly mechanical. If you look closely here, at the back wheel you’ll see a number of gears.
Changing gears is what makes those fast speeds possible.
You can shift gears depending on the terrain and how hard you wish to pedal.
So you can put it on a higher gear for downhill,
and a lower gear for uphill travel to make it easier to climb that slope.
You’ll notice this gear-shifting mechanism is attached at the back wheel,
and when the rider shifts on the handlebar gear shifter, the chain moves to the appropriate sprocket. And, speaking of changing gears, let’s look over here at our ’Tour de France’ exhibit...
选项
答案
more smoothly
解析
空格前是动词ride,推测应填入修饰骑行动作的副词。录音原文中指出it made the ride so much easier“这使得骑车更容易”,其中,easier是题目中的原词复现。后一句是you could ride a lot more smoothly“你可以更加平稳地骑车”,这里出现了比较级more smoothly,故答案为more smoothly。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/EoAYFFFM
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
AnswerthefollowingquestionsontheMoulexironusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.Writeyouranswersinboxes5-8onyouransw
MIGRATORYBEEKEEPINGTakingWingToekeoutafull-timelivingfromtheirhoneybees,abouthalfthenation’s2,000commercialb
LookattheinformationonthefollowingpageabouttheuseofvehiclesintheUniversitygrounds.Inboxes1—5onyouranswer
NewZealandSeaweedCallusnotweeds;weareflowersofthesea.SectionASeaweedisaparticularlynutritiousfood,whichabs
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.HowtokillbadinsectsChemicalmethodsThesesolutions
CompletethenotesbelowWriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheGherkinBuildingCommissionedby:【L31】______firmcalledFoste
CompletethenotesbelowWriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheGherkinBuildingCommissionedby:【L31】______firmcalledFoste
Accordingtothespeakers,whatfunctionhastapaplayedinthefollowingcountries?Writethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,ne
books定位句为“However,therewasalargeitemofantiquefurnitureandabagfilledwithfirsteditionbooks.”。本题的定位词在听力原文中原词重现比较好捕捉到
CDs本题有关这款DVD的产品特征。录音原文中的aswellas是题目中also的同义替换。
随机试题
从物质形态来看,税收是()
男性,75岁。患冠心病心绞痛。胸部闷痛,心悸盗汗,心烦不眠,头晕耳呜,腰膝酸软,舌红少苔,脉沉细。其治法是()
个体工商户吴三在2000年5月至2001年2月期间,采用虚假纳税申报的手段偷税共计9000余元。甲区税务局在2001年4月对其进行了查处,在充分调查其日常经营账目和对其进行询问的基础上,依据《税收征收管理法》有关规定对其作出了罚款5000元的决定。吴三不服
在石油化工企业的日常生产运行中,油品储存主要靠储罐存放。下列储罐中符合投资少、建设周期短、日常维护和管理方便的要求的储罐是()。
下列关于会计职业道德检查与奖惩的意义的说法,正确的有()。
机动车辆保险的附加险有()。
在没有企业所得税的情况下,下列关于MM理论的表述正确的有()。
《义务教育数学课程标准(2011年版)》有两类行为动词,其中一类是描述结果目标的行为动词,包括“了解”“理解”“掌握”“运用”,请以“平行四边形”概念为例,说明“理解”的基本含义。
—Thankyouforhelpingme.—______.
WhenHenryarrivedhomeafteraharddayatwork,hiswifewasslept.
最新回复
(
0
)