2. 外语
  3. Attacked Online? How to React to Web Attacks A)Nasty breakups are bad enough. But what if your ex broadcast your dirty laundry t

Attacked Online? How to React to Web Attacks A)Nasty breakups are bad enough. But what if your ex broadcast your dirty laundry t

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问题                 Attacked Online? How to React to Web Attacks
A)Nasty breakups are bad enough. But what if your ex broadcast your dirty laundry to millions? That’s what British actress Tricia Walsh-Smith did immorally on April 10, when she posted the first of three YouTube videos in which she slammed her soon-to-be-ex-husband for everything from his questionable character to his extended family, whom she disliked. Walsh-Smith’s videos, which were collectively viewed more than 4 million times, reflect more than just the despair of a deserted woman. They’re part of a larger and fast-growing problem: reputation wrecking online.
B)Offensive comments spread easily online and off, but in the real world, they are often easily forgotten. The same kind of cruel statement posted online can spread farther and last forever. "Now we have this giant megaphone(扩音器)of the Internet, where every little whisper about someone shows up in Google," says Matt Zimmerman, senior staff lawyer for the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
C)These days, as more and more people join social-networking sites, comment on opinion-sharing sites like TripAdvisor.com or otherwise participate in life online, personal attacks against individuals and business on the Web are being taken more seriously than ever. Barb-trading has escalated(升级)—sometimes in front of thousands of witness—and so too have the ways in which the attacked are fighting back. Many try to fight back their attackers by posting an argument against the offending post or by asking website managers to remove disagreeable material. Some folks accuse their critics of insulting. Still others take the final step, hiring online-reputation-management firms to help re-deal with their Web image from ruin.
D)If you had the resources, you could always take your own measure: Barack Obama, upset with the false rumors being spread about his background and religious history, created a website in June called Fight The Smears to expose them. But taking matters into one’s own hands can be burdened. Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales was fired in 2005 for attempting to hide his own entry on the site(Wiki contributors noted that he deleted references to his Wikipedia cofounder, Larry Sanger, as well as to a search site he founded that included adult content). Now a monitoring program called Wiki Watcher aims to reveal similar violations on other Wiki entries—such as when ExxonMobil tried to ignore the environmental impact of the Valdez oil spill and when the FBI deleted aerial images of the Guant namo Bay prison from its entry.
E)If you can’t mute your critics on your own, charging them with insulting might seem like the most effective way to stop the problem. But to win a case, you’d have to prove that intended false statements have damaged a lot more than just your feelings. You would also have to know whom exactly to sue, which can be virtually impossible since so many Web posts—especially on gossip sites like Juicy Campus, Faceliss and The Dirty—are nameless. What’s more, the 1996 Communications Decency Act frees site operators from any duty for posts made by visitors to their sites. "It is ridiculous how you can post something on the Internet and not be accountable for it," says Chris Martin, founder of the online-reputation management firm Reputation Hawk.
F)The primary goal of online-reputation-management firms like Martin’s is to cross out the first page of a client’s Google search results of all negative links. "We call the top five search results the ’danger zone’, because you don’t even have to move down to see them," says Martin. For $1,500 a month, Reputation Hawk will actually create new Web pages that cast you in a positive light(usually with your name in the URI), post links to positive Web mentions of you on social-book marking sites like Digg and Del. icio. us and start positive blogs on Blogger or WordPress.(Keeping the blogs up-to-date is your responsibility, however.)
G)"You take all this new information we create and put so much pressure on the top 10 results in Google that the false negative stuff gets pushed down," says Martin, who says it can take months to repair an online image. "Once it’s pushed out of the top 10, they’re pretty much OK."(Of course, it’s not a perfect solution—reader who click to the second page of your search results will uncover your cyber skeletons.)
H)If you don’t have a few thousand dollars to spare, a more reasonable approach is to confront your attackers directly. "The answer to bad speech is more speech," says Google’s Matt Cutts, who’s in charge of ranking search results. To start, he suggests setting up a free Google Alert, which e-mail you every time your name appears in a blog post or on a website; this at least lets you know if you have a problem and, often, with whom.
I)Once you’ve found your critics, you have to figure out what to say. The right response will get you everywhere: Selena Kellinger, owner of the party-goods store Razzberry Lips in San Jose, Calif., apologized to a customer who had posted a critical review of her store on Yelp. Her critic, Jumoke Jones, was so impressed with Kellinger that she replaced her negative review with a positive one. Karl Idsvoog, a journalism professor at Kent Sate University in Ohio, took a more challenging strategy. He responded to students’ charges that he was a "rude, selfish, vain snob" on Rate My Professors by posting a Web video on Professors Strike Back that said, "We’re not there to baby-sit. We’re there to train professionals. Grow up."
J)The good point of the ever disordered online rumor mill is that it does justice to those subjects who have come by their bad reputations legally. "Every liar in the world thinks that we’re here to help them out, but we’re not," says Robert Russo, CEO of Defend My Name. For bad guys, the megaphone of the Web can be a very useful thing. For everybody else, it’s nice to know that when the virtual community starts to whisper, you can now shout back.
After you’ve found the person who posted the comments, you have to work out what to say.
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答案I
解析 细节题。由题干关键词found theperson who posted the comments知you have towork out可将答案定位到I)段第一句“Onceyou’ve found your critics，you have to figure outwhat to say．”这句话意思是，一旦你找到诋毁你的人，下一步就是策划如何交涉了。文章中的critics和figure out改为意义相近的the personwho posted the comments和work out，属于同义替换。
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