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  3. In most people’s mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross Nat

In most people’s mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross Nat

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问题     In most people’s mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on declining natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct?
    What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one field the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems unsympathetic. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?
    To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries—the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth theory advocated through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and other natural treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness?
    Admittedly, this is an oversimplification. But the point, I believe, remains valid: that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the pre sent context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.
    So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to man’s ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understand. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary carefulness and self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental disaster which threaten our very existence.
选项 A、Gross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.
B、Increasing natural resources will bring social well-being.
C、Prosperity decline mostly accompanied by population growth.
D、Growth does not necessarily result in prosperity.
答案D
解析 本题问作者会同意下面哪些观点。作者在第二段后半部分和第三段的后半部分都用反问句质疑了经济增长对社会繁荣的作用，再联系第四段末句谈到的"it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial"，可以判断出，作者认为经济增长不一定能带来社会繁荣，故"增长不一定导致繁荣"正确。国民生产总值是衡量经济增长的安全标准：文章第三段中，用排比反问句三次否定了工业增长对第三世界国家的好处。所以国民生产总值不是经济增长的安全标准。自然资源增加将会带来社会繁荣：文中谈到自然资源的减少使繁荣下降，但这并不意味着自然资源增加就一定会带来繁荣。繁荣下降常常伴随着人口增加：作者讲自然资源的减少使繁荣下降，尤其是在人口增长的情况下，但没有说繁荣下降常常伴随着人口增加。
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