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  3. In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically

In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically

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问题     In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning. " This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.
    The second kind of learning is called " operant(动作的)conditioning. " This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.
How can a mother help the baby to cry less?
选项 A、Cuddle the baby until he is quiet.
B、Leave the baby alone.
C、Do not always attend to the baby.
D、Teach the baby not to cry.
答案C
解析 本题的关键是找到其依据句，也就是文章的最后一个句子。本句的含义是：如果每次婴儿一哭母亲就要管他的话，就会鼓励他多哭来吸引母亲的注意。所以，可以推断出不应该任何时候他一哭就管他。其他选项尽管有一定的道理，但不是这个依据句的意思。
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