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  3. New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

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问题                 New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing
    It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2000 publishers world-wide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging: three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to______.
选项 A、cover the cost of its publication
B、subscribe to the journal publishing it
C、allow other online journals to use it freely
D、complete the peer-review before submission
答案A
解析 事实细节题。根据本题关键词the open-access publishing model定位到文章第四段第五句There is open-access publishing，typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published．A中的cover the cost是对原文中pay for the paper的同义转述，所以A正确。第四段介绍了常见的网络出版模式。首句是主题句，强调形势正在发生变化。然后用报告数据引出网络出版正在盛行。接着从“谁付费”的角度先介绍了三种模式，然后又介绍了把三种模式结合在一起的另一种模式，最后总结全文。B描述的是传统的出版方式，研究者只有订购了该杂志才可以获得科学的结果，与题意不符，故排除。C在文中没有表述。D与文章末段最后一句中的All this could change the traditional form of the peer—review process语义相反。
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