首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
admin
2015-01-31
36
问题
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists in particular can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially if they’ re young or unmarried.
That’ s, according to new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, a working paper("Parenthood and Productivity of Highly Skilled Labour: Evidence from the Grove of Academe")published this month by Matthias Krapf of the University of Zurich, Heinrich Ursprung of the University of Konstanz and Christian Zimmermann of the regional reserve bank.
"There is a widespread conviction that motherhood is extremely costly in terms of professional career advancement. In particular, it is often argued that the only way for young women to make a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. "Our study of the academic labour market arrives at a somewhat less
dreary
picture: we do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. Moreover, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported."
The authors in early 2012 surveyed about 10,000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, matching the academics’ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist’ s productivity by looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal quality. Some of their findings are as follows:
"Mothers of at least two children are, on average, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more productive than childless women. Fathers of at least two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child."
Parenthood does appear linked to lower productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, loses the equivalent of four years of research output by the time her kids become teenagers.
Women who are married or in a stable relationship "do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth." For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third over the same period.
Female economists who have their first child before the age of 30 are less productive, while "for older first-time mothers, the effect remains negative, but it is much smaller and lacks statistical significance."
Male economists without tenure become more productive after having a child, while tenured male economists won’t be more productive. There is no similar effect for female economists.
The word "dreary"(Line 4, Para. 3)may mean______.
选项
A、exciting.
B、relieved
C、inspiring
D、downcast
答案
D
解析
语义题。单词dreary修饰名词picture,因此该词应是形容词,根据picture后的句子We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among femaleacademic economists.“我们没有发现女性学术型经济学家的学术研究效率因拥有家庭而出现差距。”这一消息属正面信息,会带给人积极的力量,而dreary由比较级less修饰,因此,dreary一定带有非正面意义,选项中,只有D项downcast“沮丧的”是非正面意义,且符合文意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/DJOFFFFM
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Financialaid.B、Freejobtraining.C、Advancedtechnology.D、Commontaxsystems.A细节题。文中提到,一些国家想知道如果他们减少或停止种植烟草能否获得经济援助(financ
Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmaller【B1】______,facespractica
A、Englishisthesoleofficiallanguage.B、FewpeoplespeakZuluthere.C、IthasthelargestIndianpopulationoutsideofAmeric
High-performingandvalue-creatingcompanieshavelearnedhowtotietogethertheprinciplesofcustomerpreference,producerec
Sharksarecompletelycolourblindandonlyseethingsclearlyiftheyaremostlylightordark,sowearingalightbluewet-sui
Althoughadultsoftenjumpatthechancetocatchupontheirreadingduringvacations,manychildrenandteenagers,particularl
Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehab
Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,"Beaut
Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirw
随机试题
A、Toknowmoreofthecity.B、Topractisethelanguage.C、Togettoknowhiswayaroundthesuburb.D、Towhileawaythehours.A
传染病流行曲线是根据流行期间发病者的下列哪一资料绘制而成
某8个月男婴,系早产儿,生后牛奶喂养,未加辅食。近1个月来面色渐黄。肝肋下2cm,脾肋下0.5cm,血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞3.0×1012/L,红细胞体积小,中央淡染区扩大。有利于药物吸收的方法是()。
所谓项目的规模效益,就是伴随着生产规模扩大引起()而带来的经济效益。
债券与股票的区别有()。
作为宏观经济调控手段,计划手段()。
PNTR
在Catalyst3524以太网交换机上建立名为hyzx204的VLAN,正确的配置语句是()。
在下列设备中,不能作为微机输出设备的是()。
TheMessagesinDistanceI.Peoplefromdifferentcultures【T1】________differentlyA.NorthAmericansstandabouttwofeetapa
最新回复
(
0
)