首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
To the one British couple in seven that has problems conceiving, twins sound like a dream come true. So when would-be parents tu
To the one British couple in seven that has problems conceiving, twins sound like a dream come true. So when would-be parents tu
admin
2017-03-15
37
问题
To the one British couple in seven that has problems conceiving, twins sound like a dream come true. So when would-be parents turn to in vitro fertilisation (IVF), they almost always opt to have as many embryos returned to the womb as they are legally allowed, even though they know that multiple births are especially risky. The result is that two-fifths of IVF babies are twins. And fertility treatment is now so common that it is distorting the nation’s demographics: around a quarter of all twins have been conceived in a petri dish.
Sharing a womb is not an ideal start to life. Twins who survive their much higher rates of miscarriage are often born early and small, which puts them at higher risk of cerebral palsy, low IQ and even death during their first year. Their expectant mothers are more prone to high blood pressure, diabetes and heart problems. Around half of all twins are transferred to intensive-care units soon after birth.
Now the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), which licenses fertility clinics in England and Wales, has decided enough is enough. On April 4th it started a three-month consultation on changes in the way fertility treatment is carried out. The new rules, due to come into force in October, aim to halve the number of twin IVF pregnancies.p for discussion are various possible ways to do this. They include educating fertility doctors and their patients about the dangers of multiple births; imposing a limit—probably 10%—on the proportion of births which twins may account for at a clinic; and enforcing rules that set out exactly when clinics are allowed to return two embryos to the womb. The idea is to ensure that only one embryo is put back in women most likely to conceive, whereas two are allowed to those less likely.
Some countries, notably Nordic ones, have already managed to cut the number of twin births resulting from fertility treatment. Provided a woman is reasonably young and healthy, and has not already had many failed IVF attempts, in each IVF cycle only the embryo that develops best is returned to her womb. Any spares are frozen, to be thawed later if the first embryo does not survive. These carefully-selected women are almost as likely to get pregnant this way as if two fresh embryos had been put back in the first place, and the risk of multiple pregnancy is almost eliminated. Persuading patients and clinicians of the merits of this approach depends on generous state funding for fertility treatment: it seems that patients are willing to accept a slightly lower chance of conceiving in any one cycle in return for more attempts. Moral pressure is also brought to bear. In Finland fertility doctors are taken on tours of neonatal wards, so they get to see the tiny, suffering scraps of humanity bora too early because they were crowded in their mothers’ wombs.
In Britain, though—unlike Finland and every other country that has successfully reduced IVF twin births— most infertile people must pay for their own treatment. Government guidelines, issued in 2004, say that all patients for whom IVF is "suitable" should have three treatment cycles paid for by the National Health Service (NHS), but rarely does this happen. Those patients who get public money are usually offered only one IVF cycle, and in some areas there is no public funding of IVF at all.
This means that binding rules are likely to be needed to cut the number of IVF twins in Britain. Otherwise, with a single IVF cycle costing around £5,000, patients will be unwilling to accept even a tiny reduction in their chance of pregnancy, and so will ignore the risks in favour of returning as many embryos as they can. It took strong words from the HFEA in 2001 to start to bring down the numbers of triplets conceived by IVF, followed by the threat and then the reality of stricter rules. Now that women under 40 can have at most two embryos put back, the rate has halved since its peak in 1998.
Some experts consulted by the HFEA held that new rules which might reduce the chance of conceiving should be introduced only if more fertility treatment were paid for by the NHS—something that the HFEA does not have power to arrange. Others said that the risk inherent in multiple births was too urgent to wait for the NHS to change its spending priorities.
The irony is that delivering and caring for twins costs 16 times as much as for a singleton. The HFEA’s advisors calculate that the money now spent on looking after desperately-ill premature IVF babies would be enough to pay for three treatment cycles for everyone who needs them. In the meantime, patients must weigh the risks of multiple pregnancy against the prospect of remaining childless.
Even those most familiar with the sufferings of the infertile seem unsympathetic towards them. Only pregnancy is a more common reason than infertility for a woman to visit her doctor; yet a recent poll found that almost all family doctors thought patients who needed fertility treatment should pay for it themselves (not so those with varicose veins, for example). It is perhaps symptomatic of the low value placed on children and family life in general; another poll, last year, found that most Britons thought work, money and fun were all more important than having children.
To lower birth rate of twins, which of the following ways is NOT possible?
选项
A、Showing prospective parents the hazardous danger of giving birth to twins.
B、Taking grim measures to ensure every woman is put in one embryo.
C、Educating them that putting more embryos into womb would not increase fertility rate.
D、Displaying other skinny babies to parents .
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/ClCYFFFM
本试题收录于:
NAETI高级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI高级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
AlthoughtherearemanyskillfulBraillereaders,thousandsofotherblindpeoplefinditdifficulttolearnthatsystemTheyar
AlthoughtherearemanyskillfulBraillereaders,thousandsofotherblindpeoplefinditdifficulttolearnthatsystemTheyar
After1970,thiscountry’seducationcametoturntoanewwayof________allforeignmodesandaverttomainlandtradition.
InDecember,WaymoLLC,theleadingdriverlesscarcompany,broughtouttheworld’sfirstcommercialrobo-taxiservice.Butfor
7月13日晚,在莫斯科国际贸易中心,当国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇宣布北京获得2008年奥运会主办权时,一楼新闻中心的大屏幕,久久定格在一个动人的场面上:何振梁先生眼含热泪,与前来祝贺的国际奥委会委员逐个拥抱。72岁的何振梁说:“北京拿到了奥运会举办
我国金融改革的不断深化将为外资银行与中资银行的合作带来新的机遇。银监会鼓励外资银行通过参股中资银行,在业务、客户和市场方面获得突破;同时,在公司治理、内控、风险管理和经营理念方面带来先进的经验和做法,使中、外资银行在合作中共同获得发展。作为深化金
下面你将听到的是一段有关旅游的讲话。旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断进步。从20世纪中期起,现代旅游业在全世界迅速发展。游客人数不断增长,旅游业规模持续扩大,旅游经济地位显著提升,旅游活动愈
A、Nobodywerekilled,fourinjured.B、Twowerekilled,fiveinjured.C、Twowerekilled,seveninjured.D、Nobodywerekilled,sev
A、Theaveragedisposableincomeislowerintheregion.B、TheGDPishigherintheregion.C、Thecostsofoperatorsarelowerdu
A、Wecannotreachanagreement,letaloneaspokenpromise.B、We’dbetterdraftandthensignawrittenagreement.C、Wegenerall
随机试题
A.与吡啶-硫酸铜溶液作用生成紫红色B.与碘化铋钾试液作用生成橘红色沉淀C.与吡啶-硫酸铜溶液作用生成蓝色D.与三氯化铁试液作用显稳定的红色E.溶于甲醛后与硫酸反应,界面显玫瑰红色
慢性酒精中毒不包括
某省医学院的刘教授计划与附属医院的张医生共同对一种治疗肝癌新药的疗效进行研究。初步观察显示:新药与传统抗肝癌药在延长肝癌病人生存时间方面无明显差别,但在改善临床症状方面效果要优于传统抗肝癌药,若要更全面地比较此抗肝癌新药和传统常规抗肝癌药的疗效,应选择的研
某区人民检察院发现某区人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决在审理过程中违反法律规定的诉讼程序,某区人民检察院应当如何按照审判监督程序提出抗诉?()
根据《建设工程质量管理条例》,以下对施工单位质量责任和义务的正确表述是( )。
下列费用中,属于与未来企业生产经营有关的工程建设其他费用的有()。
股票实质上代表了股东对股份有限公司的()。
招标文件通常包括《招标公告》、《招标书》、《投标须知》、《投标书编制要求》等,其中重点是()的编制和标底的确定。
广告、点击量变现和会员付费,是现阶段视频平台的三大主要收入来源。从国内近几年的发展态势来看,该视频平台公司的会员付费模式备受国内同行的青睐和追捧。从2009年到2018年,该视频平台公司的市值增长了约60倍,目前高达1293亿美元,在众多科
在网络体系结构中,第N层协议利用(24)提供的服务向(25)提供服务。对等实体是指(26)。数据在同一个系统自上层传到下层,这种数据格式称为(27)。IEEE802局域网协议的结构提供对高层的支持,屏蔽了具体的媒体和访问控制方法。为连到局域网上的端系统提供
最新回复
(
0
)