首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
admin
2020-03-30
37
问题
Civilizations
Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends on the constraints or advantages of their geographical situation. 【T1】
This, of course, will have been affected for centuries or even millennia by human effort. Every landscape bears the traces of this continuous and cumulative labour generation after generation contributing to the whole. So doing, humanity itself has been transformed by what the French historian Jules Michelet called ’the decisive shaping of self by self’, or(as Karl Marx put it)’the production of people by people ’
. To discuss civilization is to discuss space, land and its contours, climate, vegetation, animal species and natural or other advantages. It is also to discuss what humanity has made of these basic conditions: agriculture, stock-breeding, food, shelter, clothing, communications, industry and so on. 【T2】
The stage on which humanity’s endless dramas are played out partly determines their story-line and explains their nature. The cast will alter, but the set remain broadly the same.
For the expert on India, Hermann Goetz, there are two essential Indias. One is humid, with heavy rainfall, lakes, marshes, forests and jungles, aquatic plants and flowers—the land of people with dark skins. It contrasts with the dryer India of the Indo-Gangetic plain, plus the Deccan plateau—the home of lighter-skinned people, many of them warlike. India as a whole, in Goetz’s view, is a debate and a tug-of-war between these two contrasting areas and peoples. 【T3】
The natural and man-made environment, of course, can not predetermine everything. It is not all-powerful. But it greatly affects the inherent or acquired advantages of any given situation. To take inherent advantages, every civilization is born of immediate opportunities, rapidly exploited.
Thus in the dawn of time, river civilizations flourished in the old world: Chinese civilization along the Yellow River; pre-Indian along the Indus; Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian on the Euphrates and the Tigris Egyptian on the Nile. A Similar group of Vigorous civilizations developed in Northern Europe, around the Baltic and the North Sea—not to mention the Atlantic Ocean itself. Much of the West and its dependencies today, in fact, are grouped around that ocean, rather as Roman world of former times was grouped around the Mediterranean.
【T4】
These classic instances reveal above all the prime important of communications. No civilization can survive without mobility; all are enriched by trade and the stimulating impact of strangers.
Islam for instance, is inconceivable without the movement of its caravans across the ’dry seas’ of its deserts and steppes, without its expeditions in the Mediterranean and across the Indian Ocean as far as Malacca and China. 【T5】
Mentioning these achievements has already led us beyond the natural and immediate advantages which supposedly gave rise to civilizations. To overcome the steady winds of the Indian Ocean, or to dam a river—all that needed human effort, to enjoy advantages, or rather to create them.
【T4】
选项
答案
这些经典实例首先揭示了交流的极端重要性。没有流动性,文化是无法存在下去的。一切都因交流和对陌生人的诱惑影响而变得精彩。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/CXxYFFFM
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thatsounddoesn’t______inhislanguage,soit’sdifficultforhimtopronounceit.
Colorisveryimportanttomostanimalsforithelpsthemtogetalongintheworld.Color【C1】______tomakeananimaldifficult
Colorisveryimportanttomostanimalsforithelpsthemtogetalongintheworld.Color【C1】______tomakeananimaldifficult
Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative
Englishisanimportantforeignlanguagetomasterbecauseitprovidesready______toworldscholarshipandworldtrade.
ThelongitudinalstudydemonstratesthatstudentswhoreceiveESL(Englishasasecondlanguage)instructionarefarbetterthant
RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforcebringingvirtualrealitytomedicine
Standardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andacceptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguagei
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungpeoplearenot【C1】______theywere.Thesamecommentis【C2】______fromgenerationtog
即便是对中国所知不多的人,也听说过计划生育政策,这项政策限制大部分中国夫妇只能生一个孩子。上周,中国领导人表示将放宽计划生育政策,允许有一方为独生子女的夫妇生二胎。政策变化的原因在于中国正寻求解决人口迅速老龄化背后所隐现的劳工短缺问题。这一人口结构的变化也
随机试题
室外配电线路当()时,应采用电缆。
护肩路基的高度一般不超过()m。
在沉箱重力式码头施工中,沉箱安放就位填充完毕后,后方抛石棱体及倒滤层应从墙后开始抛填,是为了()。
甲股份有限公司(以下简称“甲公司”)的相关交易或事项如下:(1)2×18年1月1日发行了50万份分期付息、到期一次还本的可转换公司债券,每份面值为100元,发行价格总额为5100万元,发行费用为40万元。该债券期限为3年,自2×18年1月1日至2×20年
委托服务管理型企业只有()。
无论是古代的邮驿系统,还是现代的邮政系统,书信从寄信人到收信人手中,都需要经过一个时间、空间的旅行,它的特点是慢。而这种慢又_________了人们的情感体验方式和书信体验方式。正是因为书信的___________,古人的时空感知才变得遥远而漫长,而等待、
普通合伙人除名退伙的情形包括哪些?
《韩非子》载:“上古之世,民食瓜果蚌蛤,腥臊恶臭,民多疾病,有圣人作,钻燧取火,以化腥臊”。我国懂得“钻燧取火"的远古居民相当于()
委托发明协议对专利申请权和专利权没有约定的,该权利属于()。
以下属于网络管理协议的是——。
最新回复
(
0
)