2. 考研
  3. Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【B1】______worlds, while dur

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【B1】______worlds, while dur

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问题     Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【B1】______worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" 【B2】______ meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of【B3】______that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 【B4】______ to others. Examination of factors related to the 【B5】______ development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in【B6】______.
    The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 【B7】______, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 【B8】______, and thus there was some 【B9】______ in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a【B10】______activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would【B11】______distraction to other readers.
    Towards the end of the century there was still【B12】______argument over whether books should be used for information or treated【B13】______, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way【B14】______weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However,【B15】______its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was【B16】______by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a【B17】______readership on the other.
    By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate,【B18】______not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly【B19】______what the term "reading"【B20】______.
【B17】
选项 A、specific
B、special
C、specified
D、specialized
答案D
解析 考查形近词辨析。specific“明确的，确切的”；special“特别的，特殊的，专门的”；specified“明确规定的”；specialized“专门的，专业的”。readership是一个抽象的概念，指“读者的身份”。选项中可修饰这个词的只有specialized，意为“专业化的”，因此选D。specialized。
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