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  3. The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled

The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled

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问题     The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?
    Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, "I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes." Aid has increased, subsidized loans have become available, and "the universities have gotten the money. It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue."
    James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. "Even with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated," he says. On the other hand, "if you’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it’s not worth it," says economic expert Dr. Kamin who tends to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but he also agrees that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition rise can push those returns into negative territory.
    Educator Elise Boulding seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. "Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement," says Vedder. "In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender."
    We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn’t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. "You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth," says Heckman. "You may think that’s a good thing, or you may not." Either way it will be expensive for the government.
    What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Economist Bryan Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills—probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: "People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that."
    Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of "soft skills," like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. "It’s about having tutors and having workplace-based education," he says. "Time and again I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working."
   
选项
答案E
解析 第六段的首句是该段主题句，该句提到可以让更多的孩子参加工作。Bryan Caplan的话则提到，对于天生不喜欢待在教室的孩子来说，工作技能更宝贵。E中的don’t love school与文中的don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom对应，该项所述为原文的合理推断，故确定答案为E。
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