2. 外语
  3. The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since a

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since a

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问题     The central problem of translating has always been whether to
translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least 【M1】______
the first century B.C.Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many
writers favoured certain kind of "free" translation: the spirit, not the 【M2】______
letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter【M3】______
not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who 【M4】______
wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of the 【M5】______
19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was 【M6】______
entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible 【M7】______
gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must【M8】______
be as literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the 【M9】______
extreme "literalists" Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The
argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of
the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed.Too often,
writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each
other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains.【M10】______
【M8】
选项
答案if was—if
解析 句法错误。从上下文判断，if引导的是状语从句。状语从句可省略成分词短语作状语，此处为过去分词，但不可保留无主语的系动词，因此应将其去除。
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