首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Quantified Self-Counting Every Moment The idea of measuring things to chart progress towards a goal is commonplace in la
The Quantified Self-Counting Every Moment The idea of measuring things to chart progress towards a goal is commonplace in la
admin
2012-08-10
37
问题
The Quantified Self-Counting Every Moment
The idea of measuring things to chart progress towards a goal is commonplace in large organizations, governments and companies. But this quantitative method is rather less widespread among individuals, with the notable exceptions of people who are trying to lose weight or improve their fitness.
Most people do not routinely record their moods, sleeping patterns or activity levels, track how much alcohol or coffee they drink or chart how often they walk the dog.
But some people are doing just these things. What they share is a belief that gathering and analyzing data about their everyday activities can help them improve their lives—an approach known as " self-tracking" or "self-quantifying".
In some ways this is not a new idea. Athletes and their coaches commonly make detailed notes on nutrition, training sessions, sleep and other variables. Similar strategies have long been used to combat health problems like allergies (过敏). But new technologies make it simpler than ever to gather and analyze personal data. Sensors have shrunk and become cheaper. This makes it much easier to take the quantitative methods used in science and business and apply them to the personal sphere.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the notion of marrying technology with self-improvement originated in San Francisco, where Gary Wolf, a journalist and author, co-founded the "Quantified Self" blog in 2007. This led to regular meetings, which are now held in about 50 cities around the world.
"Almost everything we do generates data. " says Mr. Wolf, "Data from phones, computers and credit cards are mostly used by companies to target advertising, recommend products or spot fraud. But tapping into the stream of data they generate can give people new ways to deal with medical problems or improve their quality of life in other ways. "
Quantify this
Self-quantifying is being taken seriously by start-ups, in Silicon Valley and elsewhere, which are launching new devices and software aimed at self-trackers. It may even provide a glimpse of the future of health care, in which a greater emphasis is placed on monitoring, using a variety of devises, to prevent disease, extend lives and reduce medical costs.
To see how self-tracking rewards, consider the example of David, an investment banker in London. With his routine of early starts and 11 -hour days, he found that he had trouble falling asleep, and worried that this affected his concentration at work. He started using a headband made by Zeo, a start-up based in Newton, Massachusetts. It tracks sleep quantity and quality by measuring brainwave activity to determine how long the wearer spends in light, deep and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep.
David recorded his sleep data along with information on his diet, health supplements, exercise and alcohol consumption, uploading it all onto the Zeo website. He now sleeps for an average of seven-and-a-half hours a night, up from six hours before he began his self-tracking experiment. " I feel more relaxed, sharper and more switched on," he says. " Seeing the facts on your computer screen makes them difficult to ignore. "
Some self-quantifiers can come across as a little odd. Not everyone carries out experiments to see whether wearing orange glasses or performing regular hopping exercises can improve sleep quality, or whether (as has been claimed) eating butter improves arithmetic ability. An obvious problem is that self-quantification experiments lack strict controls and clinical trials. There could also be placebo (安慰 剂) effects.
"With self-tracking you never really know whether it is your experiment that is affecting the outcome, or your expectations of the experiment," says Nancy Dougherty, a self-tracking enthusiast who works as a hardware engineer at Proteus Biomedical, a medical-devices company in Redwood City, California.
She found that taking virtual pills labelled "happy" , "calm" , "focus" and "will power" had a noticeable impact, even though she knew they were placebos. But with careful design of experiments there is scope for self-tracking to produce useful data. The Zeo, for example, has already generated the largest-ever database on sleep stages, which revealed differences between men and women in REM-sleep quantity.
Keeping track
Tens of thousands of patients around the world are already sharing information about symptoms and treatments for hundreds of conditions on websites such as PatientsLikeMe and CureTogether. This has yielded valuable results. The growing number of self-tracking devices now reaching the market will increase the scope for large-scale data collection, enabling users to analyse their own readings and incorporate them with those of other people.
The thumb-sized Fitbit, for example, made by a company of the same name based in San Francisco, clips onto a belt to measure activity levels and sleep patterns. A readout (读出器) shows steps walked, stairs climbed and calories burned. Information is also uploaded wirelessly to a website that analyses and displays the data and lets users compare notes with their friends. Jawbone, also based in San Francisco, has released the Up, a wristband that communicates with an iPhone and can also measure physical activity and sleep patterns.
GreenGoose, yet another San Francisco start-up, has devised tiny motion sensors that can be attached to everyday items, sending a wireless signal to a base-station whenever the item is used. A sensor can be attached to a toothbrush, for example, or a watering can, or the collar of a dog, making it possible to measure and track how often you brush your teeth, water your plants or walk your dog. The company’s aim is to establish a platform for the gamification (游戏化) of everyday activities.
As populations age and health-care costs increase, there is likely to be a greater emphasis on monitoring, prevention and maintaining "wellness" in future, with patients taking a more active role— an approach sometimes called "Health 2. 0". With their sleep monitors and health dashboards, the aficionados (狂热爱好者) of self-tracking may end up being seen as pioneers of this model. " We were inspired by our knowledge of this history of personal computing. " Mr. Wolf says. " We asked ourselves what would happen if we convened (召唤) advanced users of self-tracking technologies to see what we could learn from each other. "
Self-tracking may look weird now, but the same was once true of e-mail. And what geeks do today, the rest of us often end up doing tomorrow.
What did the headband made by Zeo help David do?
选项
A、Concentrate on his daily work.
B、Relieve his sleepiness and headache.
C、Track his sleep quantity and quality.
D、Record information on his daily life.
答案
C
解析
定位句中的He指的就是David。由定位句可知,Zeo生产的头巾能追踪佩戴者的睡眠数量和质量,故答案为C
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/9dcFFFFM
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Thedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobvious【C1】______theconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfound【C2】_____
Thedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobvious【C1】______theconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfound【C2】_____
Thedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobvious【C1】______theconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfound【C2】_____
RockSolidReaders—HowtohelpyourchildbecomeastandoutstudentLibrarydayisthebestdayofschool
Therearealotofgoodcamerasavailableatthemoment--mostofthesearemadeinJapanbuttherearealsogood【B1】______models
WithfifteenyearsBritainandothernationsshouldbewellonwiththebuildingofhugeindustrialcomplexesforthe【B1】______o
Askedtonametheirfavoritecity,manyAmericanswouldselectSanFrancisco.SanFranciscobeganasa【S1】______Spanishoutpost
A、Inafast-foodrestaurant.B、Atashoppingcenter.C、Atacountyfair.D、Inabakery.C原文转述。这种吃馅饼的比赛是在新英格兰的一些郡县集市上进行的。
A、Manypeoplewhoareinneedworkinit.B、Thehospitalbloodismainlyprovidedbyit.C、Anyonecangethelpfromit.D、Itcov
A、Readthenoticeonthewindow.B、Goandaskthestaff.C、Getanewbusschedule.D、BoardthebustoCleveland.B女士说公交时刻表把她搞糊涂了
随机试题
《喜宴》中的人物有【】
A.散点图B.线图C.圆图D.直方图E.统计地图适用于双变量资料,用点的密集度和趋势表达两变量间的相关关系。应绘制
A.证候相兼B.虚实真假C.寒热真假D.证候错杂E.证候转化寒包火证属于
已知正弦电流的初相为60°,t=0时的瞬时值为8.66A,经过1/300s后电流第一次下降为0,则其振幅Im为()A。
某消防服务机构对建筑面积为30000m2的大型地下商场进行安全评估。在对防火隔间进行检查时发现,防火分区通向防火隔间的门为乙级防火门,两个乙级防火门的间距为4m,隔间的装修为轻钢龙骨石膏板吊顶、阻燃壁纸装饰墙面,隔间内有几位顾客坐在座椅上休息。根据现行国家
在项目验收中,验收准备是由________组织勘察、设计、施工、监理、审计、质检等单位,做好验收准备工作。
“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花”这句诗体现了教师职业道德的()。
马太效应是指强者愈强、弱者愈弱的现象。任何个体、群体或地区,一旦在某一个方面(如金钱、名誉、地位等)获得成功和进步,就会产生一种积累优势,就会有更多的机会取得更大的成功和进步。根据上述定义,下列不属于马太效应的是()。
近代以来,中国被迫与列强签订了一系列不平等条约,丧失了大量领土主权。在以下不平等条约中,中国领土损失最大的是()。
以下哪一项不可能是左边立体图形的切面?
最新回复
(
0
)