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  3. The Internet affords anonymity to us users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind

The Internet affords anonymity to us users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind

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问题     The Internet affords anonymity to us users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber crime that has【1】across the Web.
    Can privacy be preserved【2】bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 【3】?
    Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a【4】to make the Web a safer place - a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech【5】of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled【6】one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential【7】to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
    The idea is to【8】a federation of private online identity systems. Users could【9】which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license【10】by the government.
    Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to【11】just once but use many different services.【12】the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of【13】community.
    Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with【14】, trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure【15】which the transaction runs."
    Still, the administration’s plan has【16】privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would【17】be a compulsory of Internet "driver’s license" mentality.
    The plan has also been greeted with【18】by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt should still leave much of the Internet【19】. They argue that all Internet users should be【20】to register and identify themselves in the same way drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.
【12】
选项 A、In vain
B、In effect
C、In return
D、In contrast
答案B
解析 词汇题(短语)。空格中的短语在本文起到篇章副词的作用，连接上下文的语意。空格所在句子指出：the approach would create a“walled garden”in cyberspace“这种方法会在网络上建起‘带围墙的花园’”，表示这种方法的实际效果，由此推断空格中需要“事实上，其实”等类似含义。选项A．in vain意为“徒劳地”；选项B．in effect意为“实际上，事实上”：选项C．in return意为“作为报答”：选项D．in contrast意为“相比之下”。由此确定选项B．in effect为本题答案。
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