我们上了半山亭,朝东一望,真是一片好景。茫茫苍苍的河北大平原就摆在眼前,烟树深处,正藏着我们的北京城。也妙,本来也算有点气魄的昆明湖,看起来只像一盆清水。万寿山、佛香阁,不过是些点缀的盆景。我们都忘了看红叶。红叶就在高山坡上,满眼都是,半黄半红的,倒还有意

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问题     我们上了半山亭,朝东一望,真是一片好景。茫茫苍苍的河北大平原就摆在眼前,烟树深处,正藏着我们的北京城。也妙,本来也算有点气魄的昆明湖,看起来只像一盆清水。万寿山、佛香阁,不过是些点缀的盆景。我们都忘了看红叶。红叶就在高山坡上,满眼都是,半黄半红的,倒还有意思。可惜叶子伤了水,红的又不透。要是红透了,太阳一照,那颜色该有多浓。
    我望着红叶,问:“这是什么树?怎么不大像枫叶?”
    老向导说:“本来不是枫叶嘛。这叫红树。”就指着路边的树,说:“你看看,就是那种树。”
    路边的红树叶子还没红,所以我们都没注意。我走过去摘下一片,叶子是圆的,只有叶脉上微透出点红意。
    我不觉叫:“哎呀!还香呢。”把叶子送到鼻子上闻了闻,那叶子发出一股轻微的药香。
    另一位同伴也嗅了嗅,叫:“哎呀!是香。怪不得叫香山。”
    老向导也慢慢说:“真是香呢。我怎么做了四十年向导,早先就没闻见过?”
    我的老大爷,我不十分清楚你过去的身世,但是从你脸上密密麻麻的纹路里,猜得出你是个久经风霜的人。你的心过去是苦的,你怎么能闻到红叶的香味?我也不十分清楚你今天的生活,可是你看,这么大年纪的一个老人,爬起山来不急,也不喘,好像不快,我们可总是落在后边,跟不上。有这样轻松脚步的老年人,心情也该是轻松的,还能不闻见红叶香?

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答案 As we reached the Pavilion, a truly beautiful sight unfolded itself to the east. The vast Hebei Plain stretched out in front of us with our beloved city, Beijing, hidden in the midst of the misty trees. lt was wondrous, in a way, to see Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, which had always been considered a great lake, appear more like a basin of clear water, and Wanshoushan (Longevity Hill) and Foxiangge (Temple of Incense to the Buddha) mere little artifices for flower pots. We had forgotten about the leaves, although the slope higher up was completely covered with them, yellowing and turning red. Too bad that the rain had spoilt the color, preventing them from turning a true red. How beautiful they might otherwise have been in the sunshine! Gazing at the leaves, I asked, "What trees are they? They do not look like maples. " "They’re really not maples. They are called red trees," the old man replied. Pointing at a tree by the road, he said, "Take a look. This is one. " This tree had not turned red; that was why we paid no attention to it. I went over and broke off a leaf — round in shape with its veins beginning to show red. "Ah! It smells good!" I couldn’t help exclaiming as I brought the leaf to my nose and detected a faint scent resembling herbal medicine. Someone else smelled it and said, "Oh, yes! It does smell good! No wonder it’s called Fragrance Hill. " "Really good!" The old man also commented in his slow manner, "How come in my forty years as a guide I had never noticed its fragrance?" "My dear grandpa," I said to myself, "I know little of your past, but merely judging from the thick wrinkls on your face, it is easy to surmise what a harsh life you must have had. With so much suffering, how could you have had the leisure to detect the leaf’s fragrance? I know little, too, of your present life, but you could walk up the hill easily without breathing hard while we had trouble catching up with you. You must be as light-hearted as you are light-footed. Why should you not smell the fragrance of the leaves now?"

解析     翻译“朝东一望,真是一片好景”时,将原来的主语“我们”替换成“一片好景”,使用动词unfold不仅描述出了景色映入眼帘的动态感,同时体现出了这片景色的绵延。同时,直接使用景色做主语还起到了承前启后的作用,自然而然地引出了下文中的景色介绍。
    中文地名英译提倡“音译为主”的原则,不过处理其中对地名有修饰作用的形容词或名词时,可以适当意译,或者还可以采取音译加意译的方式,先音译,再重复意译,这样既照顾到了原文的语言特色,同时兼顾了译文读者的理解需求。因此,这句中的“万寿山”译为Wanshoushan(Longevity Hill),“佛香阁”译为Foxiangge (Tower of Incense to the Buddha),而前边提到的“半山亭”译为Banshan Pavilion(Hillside Pavilion),后文提到的“香山”处理为Xiangshan(Fragrant Hill)。
    第二段的难点在于对“伤了水”的理解,“伤水”原意为“ah于水喝得太多而得病”,在这里则是指叶子经受了太多雨水的浇淋,因而没有红透,因此要将其中的雨水译出,同时使用spoil这个动词突出“伤”这个字,表明雨水对叶子变红所起到的负面消极影响。
    “要是”一词表明该句与前边内容存在转折关系,同时这个转折词也表达出与当时的现实情况相反的假设意义,因此翻译时需要使用虚拟语气。使用表明虚拟的连接词otherwise,同时文章用的是过去时态,故需用might have been表明与过去事实相反。
    这两句话之间存在时间上的先后关系。由于中文重意和,语言结构上较为随意,读者阅读时也不会产生任何歧义,但是翻译为英文时,则必须理清其中的逻辑顺序。作者一定是先用鼻子闻到了叶子的味道,才会不觉发出叫声,因此翻译时使用了表示“当……时”的连词as体现这种逻辑顺序。“不觉”在这里的意思是“不禁,不由得”,对应英文中的couldn’t help doing。“那叶子发出一股轻微的药香”的主语为“那叶子”,但是这里承接上句中“(我)把叶子放到鼻子上闻一闻”,主语是I,因此翻译时将其转化为“我闻到了一股轻微的药香”。红叶并非中草药,因此“药香”说的是它的香味类似中草药的那种香味,翻译时使用resemble一词将这层含义补充完整。
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