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  3. Joseph Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War

Joseph Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War

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问题     Joseph Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers’ letters and diaries—including rare material from Black soldiers—and concentrates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors. Glatthaar’s title ex- presses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect among White officers and Black soldiers were fostered by the mutual dangers they faced in combat.
    Glatthaar accurately describes the government’s discriminatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medical care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizing the campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get the opportunity to fight. That chance remained limited throughout the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from disease, a major killer in this war, was twice as great. Despite these obstacles, the courage and effectiveness of several Black units in combat won increasing respect from initially skeptical or hostile White soldiers. As one White officer put it, "they have fought their way into the respect of all the army. "
    In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudinal change, however, Glatthaar seems to exaggerate the prewar racism of the White men who became officers in Black regiments. "Prior to the war," he writes of these men, "virtually all of them held powerful racial prejudices." While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this statement misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments. Having spent years fighting against the race prejudice endemic in American society, they participated eagerly in this military experiment, which they hoped would help African Americans achieve freedom and postwar civil equality. By current standards of racial egalitarian-ism , these men’ s paternalism toward African Americans was racist. But to call their feelings "powerful racial prejudices" is to indulge in generational chau- vinism—to judge past eras by present standards.
Which of the following actions can best be described as indulging in " generational chauvinism"(lines 59 - 60)as that practice is defined in the passage?
选项 A、Condemning a present-day monarch merely because many monarchs have been tyrannical in the past.
B、Clinging to the formal standards of politeness common in one’ s youth to such a degree that any relaxation of those standards is intolerable.
C、Questioning the accuracy of a report written by an employee merely because of the employee’s gender.
D、Deriding the superstitions accepted as " science" in past eras without acknowledging the prevalence of irrational beliefs today.
E、Labeling a nineteenth-century politician as " corrupt" for engaging in once-acceptable practices considered intolerable today.
答案E
解析 哪一个行为和文中所讲陷入“历史沙文主义”相似?最后一句对“历史沙文主义”做出解释：以现在标准评判历史事件。∴E正确。认为一位19世纪的政治家“腐化”只是由于他参加了一种当时为人所接受而现在不能容忍的行为。
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