首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-es
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-es
admin
2016-03-08
27
问题
Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. One is negative: a thinner pay packet hurts self-esteem(自尊). The other is called the "tunnel" effect: the income gap is seen as improving your own chances of similar riches.
A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St. Andrews separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on employees’ satisfaction in individual firms in Denmark or in very dynamic economies, such as Eastern Europe. But Mr. FitzRoy’s team proposed that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45. In western Germany, seeing peers’ incomes rising actually makes young people happier. It is only those people over 45, when careers have "reached a stable position", whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.
The prospect of more than 20 years of hard work might make retirement seem more attractive. Those with jobs are no happier after they retire, however, perhaps because their lives already agree with social expectations. Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls short of social expectations. Pensions or increased leisure time cannot make up for the loss of social acceptance. Unemployed people are dissatisfied with their life not only because they have lower incomes, but also because they may get low and negative recognition from others.
Indeed, retiring early from work can have side-effects. Another paper, co-authored by Andreas Kuhn of the University of Zurich, investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurance rules that allow blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others. Men retiring a year early lower their chance of surviving to age 67 by 13% . Almost a third of this higher death rate seemed to be concentrated among those who were forced into early retirement by job loss. The death was caused by smoking and alcohol consumption. If you’re in a job, even when you are paid less, hang on in there.
What can be concluded from the previous study?
选项
A、The economic development of Eastern Europe is rather static.
B、People feel satisfied with Denmark’s economic development.
C、The income of others has a positive effect in Germany’s individual corporations.
D、The income of others affects employees’ contentment to a small extent in Denmark’s private firms.
答案
D
解析
推理判断题。本题考查先前关于你和同事的薪水差异和你的幸福感之间关系的研究得出的结论。定位句提到,先前的研究表明,在丹麦等国家的个体企业,其他同事的收入会对职员的满意度产生较小甚至是正面的总体效应。由此可知,在丹麦的个体企业,其他同事的收入会在很小程度上影响到职员的满意度,D)中的contentment和private firms分别是对原文中satisfaction和individual firms的同义转述,故为答案。A)“东欧的经济发展是相当停滞的”与第二段第二句中提到的“很有活力的经济体国家(比如东欧)”相矛盾,东欧的经济是不断发展变化的,故排除;B)“人们对丹麦的经济发展感到满意”,原文未提及,故排除;C)“在德国的个体企业,其他同事的收入会产生积极的影响”,先前的研究并未涉及德国,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/5quFFFFM
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Hedroveanambulanceforahospital.B、HeservedastheHonoraryChairman.C、Heworkedinashippingcompany.D、Heservedin
FixingaWorldThatFostersObesityEnvironmentFosteringObesityA)WhyareAmericansgettingfatterandfatter?Thesimpleexpl
A、Theywanttofindabetterpart-timejob.B、Theyhopetobewelltrainedindifferentfields.C、Theyplantodosomesocialwo
A、Becauseheloveseatingcucumbers.B、Becausehehateseatingcucumbers.C、Becausehedoesn’tbelievefishhavefeelings.D、Bec
A、Theapartmentischeaperthanthedorm.B、Smokingisforbiddeninthedorm.C、Thedormistoonoisyforhimtowritehisessay
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepi
TheUnitedStates’predominanceinscienceandtechnologyisfading,areportreleasedthismonthbytheNationalScienceBoard
A、Becausetheyfeelnervouswhennotsmoking.B、Becausetheyhavenothingtodowhennotsmoking.C、Becausetheyfeelnotastei
A、Itwasstressful.B、Itwascolorful.C、Itwaspeaceful.D、Itwasboring.A题目询问作者过去的生活是怎样的。说话人说“过去我有一份压力很大的工作”,故选A。
A、Inafast-foodrestaurant.B、Atashoppingcenter.C、Atacountyfair.D、Inabakery.C事实细节题。“Countyfairsareatraditionin
随机试题
某工厂建一排污无盖的长方体,其体积为V,底面每平方米造价为a元,侧面每平方米造价为b元,为使其造价最低,其长、宽、高各应为多少?
关于T型管引流的护理说法正确的是
A.轻度精神发育迟滞B.儿童孤独症C.中度精神发育迟滞D.儿童多动症E.儿童精神分裂症患儿,男,7岁。因不能入学由母亲带来心理门诊。母亲诉2周岁时患儿聪明伶俐,2岁半以后无明显原因开始不愿说话,及至5岁时几乎一天不说话,从不与父母有交流,就连父
人民币是我国的法定货币,支付我国境内的一切公共的和私人的债务,任何单位或个人均不能拒收。( )
作为一名即将走上教师岗位的新教师,你认为教师应该具备的学科专业素养是什么?
数字鸿沟:是指在全球数字化进程中,不同国家、地区、行业、企业、社区之间,由于对信息、网络技术的拥有程度、应用程度以及创新能力的差别而造成的信息落差的趋势。根据上述定义,下列现象属于数字鸿沟的是()。
某公司的员工中,拥有本科毕业证、计算机登记证、汽车驾驶证的人数分别为130,110,90.又知只有一种证的人数为140,三证齐全的人数为30,则恰有双证的人数为
韩先生为了寻找曾经帮助他的司机,向新闻媒体提供了他记得的车牌信息,韩先生看到的车牌号为“晋BM****”,最后一位是字母,其他三位全是奇数,且数字逐渐变大,那么符合要求的车牌有().
Notwoeconomiccrisesareidentical.Butthesamequestionsrecur.Howdidwegetintothismess?Howcanwegetoutofit?How
WhatdoIwant?It’sreallyavery【C1】______question:yetmanyofusarenotsure.【C2】______itdoesn’thavetobeallthatdif
最新回复
(
0
)