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  3. Coral reefs, sometimes called rainforests of the sea, make up only 0.1％ of the ocean floor, but they are home of the world’s fis

Coral reefs, sometimes called rainforests of the sea, make up only 0.1％ of the ocean floor, but they are home of the world’s fis

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问题     Coral reefs, sometimes called rainforests of the sea, make up only 0.1％ of the ocean floor, but they are home of the world’s fish. Reefs grow in tropical waters. The largest is Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is over 1,200 miles long off the Queensland coast. Reefs are not only important for food; they are also valuable for tourism. For example, Florida’s reef is worth about $63 billion every year in tourism. Unfortunately, the consequences of increased human activity are damaging reefs around the world.

    Tourism has had an effect on coral reefs but it is often connected with a wider range of issues. In areas such as the Caribbean, where tourism is connected with the beaches and the sea, tourism can have a number of effects. Activities like snorkeling and diving, as well as oil spills from boats, can damage reefs. But this effect is quite small compared to the effect of building resorts and ports. In some areas, a large percentage of the waste and dirty water from hotels also goes into coastal waters directly. This allows algae to grow faster and damage the coral.
    Coral reefs need clean, clear water to live. However, with developments along the coast, from the tourist industry to other traditional trades, reefs are damaged in a lot of ways. Disposal of pollutants into the water means they cover coral reefs. This can make harmful plants, such as algae, grow faster and lower water quality. Pollution can also increase the risk of disease and slow coral growth. This pollution can come from thousands of miles away. For instance, pollution from Mexico can affect the reefs in Florida.
    On an even wider scale, global warming and sea temperatures are affecting wildlife throughout the world’s oceans and in particular coral reefs. Due to climate change, ocean temperatures have been increasing and they are forecast to continue to increase. The increased carbon dioxide is being taken in by the sea. This has raised the levels of acid in the sea, the temperature, and sea levels, which can result in coral bleaching. Since coral reefs provide food for other animals, this then affects the entire ecosystem.
    Coral reefs provide wide opportunities for fishing and so offer food for over a billion people. This means they also support the economy of many communities. The effect of overfishing on coral reefs areas can lead to fewer important reef species in many locations. Such problems can then affect the whole environment and local businesses, which rely on those fish. A bigger population and the increased demand for food has meant many areas have been damaged or destroyed completely by overfishing.
    Unfortunately, there is not one easy solution to such a problem as it is connected to protecting the world’s environment as a whole. Every positive change, from using less water and riding a bike instead of driving a car, to planting trees and throwing your trash away responsibly, can arguably help to protect some of the most beautiful ecosystems in the world.  
What has caused the decrease of important reef species in many locations?
选项
答案Overfishing.
解析 文章第五段第三句提到，“过度捕捞对珊瑚礁区域的影响可能导致许多地方重要的珊瑚礁物种减少”。由此可知本题答案。
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本试题收录于： C类竞赛（非英语专业本科）题库大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）分类
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C类竞赛（非英语专业本科）

大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）

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