纯净如青花 瓷器追求纯净优雅的美,这在青花瓷中体现最为充分。 青花瓷在唐代之前就有了,而真正形成规模并有杰出创造则是在元代,明代是青花瓷的成熟期,中国青花瓷器的大量珍品出自这个时代。青花何以在中国瓷坛独占鳌头,主要因为它与中国人长期追求的文

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问题                             纯净如青花
    瓷器追求纯净优雅的美,这在青花瓷中体现最为充分。
    青花瓷在唐代之前就有了,而真正形成规模并有杰出创造则是在元代,明代是青花瓷的成熟期,中国青花瓷器的大量珍品出自这个时代。青花何以在中国瓷坛独占鳌头,主要因为它与中国人长期追求的文化和美学精神相契合,这就是平淡天真、自然从容。青花作为中国瓷器的代表,以白色和蓝色所构成的简洁清雅世界,表现宁静清洁的美。

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答案 Pure Blue-and-White Porcelain Pure and elegant beauty is the goal that porcelain pursues, and this ideal is best explained in the production of Blue-and-White Porcelain. Chinese-made Blue-and-White Porcelain were emerged long before the founding of the Tang dynasty (AD618-AD907), but it was not until the Yuan dynasty that this type of porcelain came to be produced in quantity, with the attendant masterpieces.The Ming dynasty witnessed the maturity of the art, and a large number of valuable pieces were produced in this period. Blue-and-White Porcelain occupies a prominent position in the Chinese porcelain industry, for it accords well with the culture and aesthetic spirit Chinese have long pursued-of simplicity, unaffectedness and ease. As representative of Chinese porcelain, Blue-and-White Porcelain displays a world of conciseness and elegance, serenity and purity.

解析 1.原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪,成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代
青花成为瓷器的主流。清康熙时发展到了顶峰。
2.景德镇四大名瓷:青花、玲珑、粉彩、颜色釉。
3.制瓷五大步骤:拉胚、画胚、吹釉、装匣、把庄看火。
4.宋代五大名窑:汝窑(Ru Ware)官窑(Guan Ware)
哥窑(Ge Ware,故宫博物院人员打碎的一级文物盘子即是哥窑所产)
定窑(Ding Ware)钧窑(Jun Ware)
5.明清主要瓷器品种:
釉上彩(Overglaze painting)
釉下彩(Underglaze painting)
青花  (Underglaze blue)
釉里红(Underglaze red)
五彩  (Wucai)
粉彩  (Fencai)
珐琅彩(Falangcai)是一种极为名贵的宫廷御用瓷
A precious overglaze painting with imported enamels only for imperial purpose
1.  本文的题目和首句的主语都以Pure开始,更能突出青花瓷的独特魅力和特征。
2.  青花瓷可以译为:Blue-and-White Porcelain,维基百科采用这种说法。同时,还可以简单地称为Blue-and-White;还可以称为:Underglaze blue。这是上海博物馆的官方翻译,这种翻译更能突出它的制作工艺,使外国游客更好地理解青花瓷的制作方法。
3.  第二段“青花瓷在唐代之前就有了”译为“Chinese-made Blue-and-White Porcelain were emerged long before the founding of the Tang dynasty”,增加Chinese一词,因为 “在九世纪的伊拉克也存在青花瓷制品,叫做Islamic tin一glazed earthen ware”,为避免产生歧义,特加Chinese。
4.  形成规模:came to be produced in quantity。
5.  有杰出创造:with the attendant masterpieces,attendant表示“伴随而来的”。
6.  是青花瓷的成熟期:witnessed the maturity of the art。
7.  独占鳌头:occupies a prominent position in…。
8.  与……相契合:accords well with…。
9.  平淡天真、自然从容:simplicity,unaffectedness and ease。
10.简洁清雅的世界:world of conciseness and elegance。
11.宁静清洁的美:serenity and purity。
    对于四字格的翻译,略举几个例子:
    鲜活光亮,清雅透明:pure,elegant and transparent
古朴淡雅:    primitive simplicity
品莹透亮:look crystal clear
干净爽利:    clean and clear
给人一种高风绝尘的感觉:convey a sense of loftiness and unearthliness
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