2. 外语
  3. Friendship is a lot like food. We need it to survive. What is more, we seem to have a basic drive for it. Psychologists find tha

Friendship is a lot like food. We need it to survive. What is more, we seem to have a basic drive for it. Psychologists find tha

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问题     Friendship is a lot like food. We need it to survive. What is more, we seem to have a basic drive for it. Psychologists find that human beings have fundamental need for inclusion in group life and for close relationships. We are truly social animals.

    The result is, we function best when this social need is met. It is easier to stay motivated, to meet the varied challenges of life.
    In fact, evidence has been growing that when our need for social relationships is not met, we fall apart mentally and even physically. There are effects on the brain and on the body. Some effects work subtly, through the exposure of multiple body systems to excess amounts of the hormones of stress. Yet the effects are distinct enough to be measured over time, so that unmet social needs take a serious toll on health, eroding our arteries, creating high blood pressure, and even undermining learning and memory.
    A lack of close friends and a dearth of broader social contact generally bring the emotional discomfort or distress known as loneliness. It begins with an awareness of a deficiency of relationships. This cognitive awareness plays through our brain with an emotional soundtrack. It makes us sad. We might feel emptiness. We may be filled with a longing for contact. We feel isolated, distanced from others, deprived. These feelings tear away at our emotional well-being.
    Despite the negative effects of loneliness, it can hardly be considered abnormal. It is a most normal feeling. Everyone feels lonely sometimes — after a break-up with a friend or lover, when we move to a new place, when we are excluded from some social gathering.
    Chronic loneliness is something else entirely. It is one of the surest markers in existence for maladjustment.
    In children, it leads to all kinds of problems. Failure to be socially connected to peers is the real reason behind most school dropouts. It sets in motion a course on which children spin their way to outcast status and develop delinquency and other forms of antisocial behavior.
    In adults, loneliness is a major precipitant of depression and alcoholism. And it increasingly appears to be the cause of a range of medical problems, some of which take decades to show up.
    Loneliness sets in motion a variety of "slowly unfolding pathpophysiological processes". The net result is that the lonely experience higher levels of cumulative wear and tear.
    In other words, we are built for social contact. There are serious — life-threatening — consequences when we don’t get enough. We can’t stay on track mentally. And we are compromised physically. Social skills are crucial for your health.
It can be inferred from the passage that______.
选项 A、human beings are unable to live alone
B、loneliness will greatly affect human health once it sets
C、children are the worst victims of loneliness
D、loneliness has progressive effects on both mental and physical health
答案D
解析 主旨大意题。从全文内容可知，本文在讲孤独对人们健康和生活的慢性损害。[A]过于绝对；[B]与原文所指的慢性损害不符；[C]不是全文所指。[D]符合本文主旨，为本题答案。
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