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  3. Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medic

Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medic

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问题     Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者).
    "With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
    The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
    Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.
    These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.
    During these procedures—operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered—surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.
    Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine. " (392 words )
Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they
选项 A、cause less pain to the wounded
B、allow the patient to recover more quickly
C、will make human surgeons’ work less tedious
D、are done by robot surgeons with greater precision
答案D
解析 本题属于事实判断题。文中第五、六段讲了虚拟现实手术由机器人器械进行，医生通过计算机来控制，通过计算机生成的3一D图像来确定最短的、危害最小的手术途径等等，都说明了虚拟现实手术比传统手术的先进，D最好地结合了两段的内容。文中没有提到虚拟现实手术可以使伤者的痛苦减小，使病人更快康复，使医生的工作不枯燥，所以A、B和C均应排除。
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