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  3. According to two recent research papers, sugar is toxic enough to kill mice and is the drug of choice for laboratory rats, which

According to two recent research papers, sugar is toxic enough to kill mice and is the drug of choice for laboratory rats, which

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问题    According to two recent research papers, sugar is toxic enough to kill mice and is the drug of choice for laboratory rats, which prefer it to cocaine. Now it has been called " the most dangerous drug of this time" by Paul van der Velpent, head of Amsterdam’s health service. Velpent called for government restrictions on sugar in food and a ban on soft drinks in schools. An anti-sugar movement is emerging. Endocrinologist Dr Robert Lustig’s lecture, Sugar: The Bitter Truth, has picked up four million views on YouTube. The latest National Diet and Nutrition Survey shows all age groups exceeded the recommended 11% of energy coming from sugars added to foods. For children aged between 11 and 18 the mean intake was 15. 3%. Since the survey is self-reported it is likely that most people underestimate their intake.
   Why are we eating more? We like sugar and manufacturers have made some foods sweeter. An analysis found that Hovis wholemeal bread had doubled in sugar content between 1978 and 2013. A meta-analysis paper (that combines the results of studies) published this year found that increased intake of sugar led to weight gain. It also showed that children who had one sugary drink a day were 55% more likely to be overweight than those who did not. An accompanying editorial argued that sugar interferes with metabolic processes that protect against diabetes and heart attacks.
   Another study found that replacing 5% of calories from saturated fat with calories from sugars or other high-glycogenic-index carbohydrates increased the rate of heart attacks by 33%. A Princeton Review study found that rats experienced changes to the dopamine and opioid receptors in their brains after being flooded with sugar. This made them sugar-dependent. The authors queried whether adults could also develop a dependency.
   Whatever the conclusion, it is worth cutting down on sugar. Be aware of how much your food contains. Fat-free products often have high sugar levels to make them tasty, so try to avoid them. More sleep will also make you less likely to crave sugar. Recommended limits are 50g a day in a 2 000-calorie diet. A teaspoon is 4g. So now you know.
Which statement can be learned from the first paragraph?
选项 A、Compare with sugar, laboratory rats are more willing to choose cocaine.
B、Government and schools need to take some measures to reduce sugar intake, which is the most dangerous drug of this time.
C、For children aged between 11 and 18, 11% of exceeded energy comes from sugar.
D、People have excessive intake of sugar because they like it and manufactures produce sweeter food.
答案B
解析 根据题干，该题定位到文章第一段。在第一段中，作者介绍了最近两项研究报告，报告指出糖的毒性足以杀死老鼠。糖被阿姆斯特丹医疗卫生服务部门的负责人Paul van der Velpent称为“现在最危险的药物”。Velpent呼吁政府限制食物中的糖含量，同时在学校禁止供应含糖软饮料。一场抵制糖的运动正在兴起。再结合选项，A选项指出“比起糖，实验室的老鼠更愿意选择可卡因”，很明显该句与第一段which prefer it to cocaine意思相违背。B选项符合该段——Velpent呼吁政府和学校采取措施来降低糖分的摄入。C选项与文章不符，文中指出11岁到1 8岁的青少年的平均糖摄入量为15．3％。D选项在第二段进行了阐述，并不是文章第一段的信息。
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