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  3. To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distract

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distract

admin2021-01-06  0
问题     To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Worlds, recommends building a habit of "deep work"—the ability to focus without distraction.
    There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic "approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
    Newport also recommends" deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. "At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting, he writes.
    Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
    While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
    In order to make the most ofourfocus and energy, we also need toembrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, "be lazy."
    "Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as Vitamin D is to the body. . . [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessaiy to getting any work done, "he argues.
    Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way ourbrains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
    "What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain," says Pillay.
The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that _______.
选项 A、distractions may actually increase efficiency
B、daily schedules are indispensable to studying
C、students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
D、detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
答案D
解析 题干中的The study in the early 1980s出现在第四段第二句。该句提到实验的内容，把对象分成两组，一组按月制定计划，另一组按天制定计划，且计划详细。第五段第一句提到了实验结果。研究人员预测的是详细的计划会更有效，但他们的预测并不正确(they were wrong)，详细的计划反而会让学生失去动力(demotivated students)，故D项正确，其中的not…as expected说明了研究人员的预测错误。
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