首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists h
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists h
admin
2017-02-28
36
问题
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists have been surveyed to identify the "core traits of exemplary scientists". Their answer? Honesty is critical, second only to curiosity, and we ought to do more to instil it in those considering science careers.
Ironically, they are deceiving themselves. Researchers have never been whiter than white. Here are a couple of revealing numbers. About 2 per cent of scientists admit to at least one act of research misconduct. But as a whole, researchers say that around 14 per cent of their colleagues are involved in such behaviour. Someone’s not being straight.
Those figures come from a 2009 meta-analysis (far more scientifically reliable than a single sample of " honoured" academics) , that also found one-third of scientists confessed to "questionable research practices" such as cooking data, mining it for a significant result that is then presented as the original target of the study, selective publication or concealing conflicts of interest.
We may never know for sure how widespread such behaviour is. According to another meta-analysis published in October, scientists are becoming less likely to admit to fabrication, falsification or plagiarism. That study also found that researchers see plagiarism as more heinous than making results up. They are more likely to report a colleague they catch in an act of plagiarism than one fabricating or falsifying data.
How can this be so, when honesty is supposedly such an essential attribute? Because it gets the job done. Raymond De Vries at the University of Michigan and colleagues have argued that data manipulation based on intuition of what a result should look like is "normal misbehaviour." They see such common misbehaviours as having "a useful and irreplaceable role" in science. Why? Because of "the ambiguities and everyday demands of scientific research."
In other words, data isn’t often as clean as you would like. According to Frederick Grinnell, an ethicist at the University of Texas, intuition is " an important, and perhaps in the end a researcher’ s best, guide to distinguishing between data and noise." Sometimes you just know that data point was an anomaly to be ignored.
Should we do something to make science more virtuous? Probably not. Those eminent academics questioned for the survey by Michigan State University, which was released today at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, are hopelessly optimistic when it comes to improving ethical standards: 94 per cent of them said students can learn scientific values and virtues from "exemplary scientists."
It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that
选项
A、researchers may dishonor their vague promises.
B、malpractices will be accepted on certain occasions.
C、scientists are compelled by peers to reveal truths.
D、there may be more dishonest behaviors in doing science.
答案
D
解析
(1)根据题干关键词定位至第2、3段。(2)根据文章,“有些令人警醒的数据”(第2段:revealing numbers),“研究者们承认有不端行为”(第2段:misconduct),“有些人还不是那么的坦诚”(第2段:straight)。言外之意便是:不端行为比人们承认的要多。(3)再根据第3段,后续研究发现,“不端行为”普遍存在。根据这些内容,确定选项[D]最佳推测。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/4Zr7FFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
[A]Analyzingyourowntaste.[B]Beingcautiouswhenexperimenting.[C]Findingamodeltofollow.[D]Gettingthefina
[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGi
Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelepho
Drivingthroughsnowstormonicyroadsforlongdistancesisamostnerve-rackingexperience.Itisaparadoxthatthesnow,co
Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelega
Somedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsiteyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcas
【F1】Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thel
Ifplanningofferssomanytangiblebenefits,whydomanyprofessionalsresistit?Somearemorecomfortablewithacting,rather
Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions.Employersstop【C1】______thembecausetheyareeasiertosack.Butin【C2】______episod
Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions.Employersstop【C1】______thembecausetheyareeasiertosack.Butin【C2】______episod
随机试题
A.潜伏期延长B.活跃期延长C.活跃期停滞D.第二产程停滞E.第二产程延长初产妇,妊娠39周,于晨2时临产,8时自然破膜,18时30分查宫口开大2cm,此时应诊断为
注册会计师在制定总体审计策略时,下列事项中,属于在确定审计范围时应考虑的事项有()。
A:适量沉淀(+)B:大量沉淀(+++)C:没有沉淀(-)D:出现凝聚E:不出现凝聚抗-DNP-OVA+DNP
A.甲氧氯普胺B.盐酸昂丹司琼C.多潘立酮D.莫沙必利E.盐酸阿扎司琼分子中含有苯甲酰胺结构,属于选择性5–HT4受体激动剂的是()。
对托儿所、幼儿园的基地选择,下列()说法不当。
ABC会计师事务所为提高审计工作的质量,规范会计报表审计业务中的银行函证事项,决定印制一批标准化的银行询证函。为此,业务部经理要求助理人员张华起草银行询证函,以便交印刷厂印刷。张华起草后,为谨慎起见,将银行询证函草稿交由部门经理审阅。假如你是ABC会计师事
下列各句中,句意明确、没有歧义的一句是()。
设f(x)在[0,1]上连续,f(0)=0,。证明必存在一点ξ∈(0,1),使。
请根据提供的“PPT素材及设计要求.docx”设计制作演示文稿,并以文件名“PPT.pptx”(“.pptx”为文件扩展名)存盘,具体要求如下:设置第3、4、5页幻灯片为不同版式,并根据文件“PPT素材及设计要求.docx”内容将其所有文字布局到各对应
当电源关闭后,下列关于存储器的说法中,正确的是_________。
最新回复
(
0
)