2. 外语
  3. Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance, and may even cause harm. Thes

Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance, and may even cause harm. Thes

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问题     Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance, and may even cause harm. These studies have disclosed that the judgments of interviewers differ markedly and bear little or no relationship to the adequacy of job applicants.
    Of the many reasons why this should be the case, three in particular stand out. The first reason is related to an error of judgment known as the halo effect. If a person has one noticeable good trait, their other characteristics will be judged as better than they really are. Thus, an individual who dresses smartly and shows self-confidence is likely to be judged capable of doing a job well regardless of his or her real ability.
    Interviewers are also prejudiced by an effect called the primacy effect. This error occurs when interpretation of later information is distorted by earlier connected information. Hence, in an interview situation, the interviewer spends most of the interview trying to confirm the impression given by the candidate in the first few moments. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that such an impression is unrelated to the aptitude of the applicant.
    The phenomenon known as the contrast effect also skews the judgment of interviewers. A suitable candidate may be underestimated because he or she contrasts with a previous one who appears exceptionally intelligent. Likewise, an average candidate who is preceded by one who gives a weak showing may be judged as more suitable than he or she really is.
    Since interviews as a form of personnel selection have been shown to be inadequate, other selection procedures have been devised which more accurately predict candidate suitability. Of the various tests devised, the predictor which appears to do this most successfully is cognitive ability as measured by a variety of verbal and spatial tests.
All of the following statements about the halo effect are false EXCEPT ______.
选项 A、it is the worst judgmental error
B、it works only when an interviewee dressed smartly and is self-confident
C、it exemplifies how one good characteristic colors perceptions
D、it contributes to the adequacy of interviewing job applicants
答案C
解析 本题是判断题。由第1段的后半段可以推出：光圈效应意味着如果一个人具有某种显著的优点，这就会影响他人的感知和判断，从而是被认为具有其他并不一定存在的优点。而文中没有提到光圈效应是否是造成最严重的判断错误；一个人穿戴时髦仅仅是产生光圈效应的一个例子；所以A和B错误，应该排除。D与文章所论述的观点恰恰相反，也应该排除。
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