首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
admin
2012-01-14
35
问题
The majority of successful
senior
managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision. Rather in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality, others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least four distinct ways. First, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A second function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Third, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem not just of implementing the solution. (437 words)
Which of the following can best describe the first paragraph?
选项
A、An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.
B、A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
C、The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
D、Two oppos to points of view are presented and evaluated.
答案
B
解析
B项中的conventional等同于第一行里的classical,从第一段第二句后半部分可以看出文章将引出新的模式。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/3j5YFFFM
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
WhenIwasakid,Ineverknewwhatmyparents—oranyoneelse’s—didforaliving.AsfarasIcouldtell,allgrownupshadm
Ofwhathistoricandcontemporaryconcernisitthatthearchitectureprofessionhasbeen,andcontinuestobe,stronglymaledo
Thecritic’sassessmentofthebookisthatitisbeautifullywritten.
Severaltrialeffortsinthe1980sprovedthatitwasfinancially______torestoreoldbuildings.
MostcriticalplotpointsinHarryPotterandtheSorcerer’sStonecamefromJ.K.Rowling’simagination,butFlamelandhispowe
Aknowledgeofhistory______ustodealwiththevastrangeofproblemsconfrontingthecontemporaryworld.
Inthefollowingpassage,PhilipRothistalkingtoafriend,Joanna,abouthisfather."DidIevertellyouwhathappenedwh
Ⅱ.Direction:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandun
随机试题
不符合非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的特点是
患者,女,25岁,劳力性呼吸困难3年,反复咯血,体检:心尖部可闻舒张期隆隆样杂音,P2亢进,双肺下野可闻及湿性啰音,最可能的诊断为
下列关于乙型肝炎的治疗哪项描述是错误的
displacementvaLlue
当一个应用程序窗口被最小化后,该应用程序将()。
在“文件”菜单中,有3个命令都是用于存储Excel文件的,他们是“保存”“另存为”“保存工作区”,分别适用于不同的工作环境。()
载重货车、客货两用汽车、拖拉机当年应缴纳车船税( )元。机动船当年应缴纳车船税( )元。
下列混合销售行为中,应纳营业税的是()。
进行债券投资,应考虑的风险有( )。
我国的社会主义精神文明建设以马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论为指导。()
最新回复
(
0
)