首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Tea, that most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates b
Tea, that most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates b
admin
2021-02-21
81
问题
Tea, that most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until the mid 17th century that the beverage first appeared in England.
Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway, who owned an establishment in Exchange Alley. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at £6 and £10 per pound, trumpeting its virtues at "making the body active and vigorous", and "preserving perfect health until extreme old age".
Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the restaurant owners, as tea cut their sales of ale and gin, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue from taxes on liquor sales.
Charles II did his bit to counter the growth of tea, with several acts forbidding its sale in private houses. This measure was designed to counter rebels, but it was so unpopular that it was impossible to enforce. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. By the mid 18th century the duty on tea had reached an absurd 119%. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry—tea smuggling.
Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, snuck the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places.
Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with other substances, such as willow, licorice, and sloe leaves.
In 1784 William Pitt the Younger introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe penalties for the practice.
In the early 1800’s ships carrying tea from the Far East to Britain could take over a year to bring home their precious cargo. When the East India Company was given a monopoly on the tea trade in 1832, they realized the need to cut the time of this journey. The Americans actually designed the first "clippers", or streamlined, tall vessels, but the British were close behind. These clippers sped along at nearly 18 knots by contemporary accounts—nearly as fast as a modern ocean liner.
Afternoon tea is said to have originated with one person: Anna, 7th Duchess of Bedford. In the early 1800’s she launched the idea of having tea in the late afternoon to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, which in fashionable circles might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. This fashionable custom soon evolved into high tea among the working classes, where this late afternoon meal became the main meal of the day.
[A] dominated the tea transactions in nineteenth century.
[B] presented the Commutation Act to stop tea smuggling.
[C] helped the Americans design the first streamlined vessels.
[D] showed the health benefits of his tea through a broadsheet.
[E] was the first person who came up with the idea of afternoon tea.
[F] published the Food and Drug Act to punish the illegal sale of tea.
[G] introduced some acts to ban tea selling in private houses.
William Pitt the Younger
选项
答案
B
解析
William Pitt the Younger出现在文中的第七段。该段第一句讲到,1784年,小威廉-皮特推出了《减刑法令》,将茶税从119%降到12.5%,有效地遏制了茶叶的走私。B中的the Commutation Act是文中的原词复现,stop tea smuggling是文中ending smuggling的同义表达,故确定B为本题的正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/3OpRFFFM
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?Thereasonwhythebraincellsofthepersonwhobothsmokesand
Becauseagricultureissoimportanttoanation’swell-being,governmentshavealwaysbeenconcernedwithit.Forexample,theU
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleanimal(21)anarea.Thesizeoftheareaissufficientt
Conveniencefoodhelpscompaniesbycreatinggrowth;butwhatisitseffectonpeople?Forpeoplewhothinkcookingwasthefoun
WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturningh
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
Whatmakesagreathighschool?Americansthinkalotofthingsdo,fromoutstandingacademicsorasupportiveenvironmentfors
Aftertakingabriefpausetoweathertherecession,aninvasionofBritainbysomeofAmerica’sbest-knownretailbrands—includ
Aftertakingabriefpausetoweathertherecession,aninvasionofBritainbysomeofAmerica’sbest-knownretailbrands—includ
随机试题
内燃机主要配件包括机体组件配件、配气机构组件配件、油底壳组件配件、活塞连杆组件配件、曲轴飞轮组配件、凸轮轴组件配件、燃料供给系统配件、润滑系统配件、冷却系统配件、排进气系统配件、启动点火系统配件。
甲公司采用托收承付结算方式购入E材料一批,货款40000元,增值税税额6800,对方代垫包装费5000元,款项在承付期内以银行存款支付,材料已验收入库。甲公司应编制会计分录
Mydadismyherobecauseheisbrave,skilled,andrespectful.Iknowmanypeoplesaytheirdadsaretheirheroes,butmydadt
前部缺血性视神经病变
女性,65岁,冠心病心绞痛史8年,无高血压史,夜间突发心前区疼痛8小时入院,入院时血压为150/90mmHg(20/12kPa),经心电图检查,诊断急性前壁心肌梗死。上述患者出现频发室性期前收缩,有时呈短阵室速,最恰当的处理是
外敷有发泡作用,皮肤过敏者忌用的药物是()
下列哪些属于法的基本价值?()
根据行政诉讼法律制度的规定,下列行为中,不属于税务行政诉讼受案范围的是()。
甲公司是国内一家印刷机制造企业,主要产品是胶印机。为了开发“印后设备”(即折页装订、模切、包装等设备),该公司进行了SWOT分析。在以下表述中,符合该公司SWOT分析要求的有()。
在顺序量表中,变量具有()。
最新回复
(
0
)