首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
admin
2017-11-14
45
问题
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations(附属机构) from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it— is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives (档案) , where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories (仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
In the first paragraph, the author discusses_______.
选项
A、the background information of journal editing.
B、the publication routine of laboratory reports.
C、the relations of authors with journal publishers.
D、the traditional process of journal publication.
答案
D
解析
细节题。第一段是本文的引子,为第二段的论述做铺垫。综合各句子的含义可以看出,第一段主要描述了科研成果发表的传统过程。因此D项“传统的期刊出版过程”为正确答案,traditional和文中的used to相对应。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/3Ck7FFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.Whilepol
Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.Whilepol
Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.We
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot【C1】______itsleg
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot【C1】______itsleg
TheaverageBritishpeoplegetsix-and-a-halfhours’sleepanight,accordingtotheSleepCouncil.Ithasbeenknownforsomet
Asimpleideasupportsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbe【C1】______tochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimple
Islamiclawisaparticularlyinstructiveexampleof"sacredlaw".Islamiclawisaphenomenonsodifferentfromallotherforms
随机试题
固定资产
下列关于电子商务背景下供应链受到的影响,说法正确的是
把人类社会同自然界联系起来的中介(或纽带)是()
A.X线片B.染色法C.叩诊+扪诊D.温度测验E.牙髓电活力测验下列各种情况宜选择哪种检查方法
企业内部直接财务环境主要包括企业的()。
在获得诺贝尔奖后,马尔克斯居然还能写出《一桩事先张扬的凶杀案》这样一个叙述紧凑,引人人胜的故事,一部真正的悲剧作品,实在令人吃惊。上述评论所依据的假设是:
2012年新修改的民事诉讼法增加了对公益诉讼制度的规定,这是环境公益诉讼在程序法方面的进步,但仍然缺少具体规定来________。而在司法实践中,由于相关法律条文的缺失,导致法院不受理环保诉讼的情况________。
一棵二叉树如下图所示,其中序遍历序列为()。
公民的基本义务也称宪法义务,是指由宪法规定的公民必须遵守和应尽的根本责任。下列不属于我国宪法规定的公民基本义务的是()
Concentration—thePremiseofSuccessForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonconcentrationbyreferrin
最新回复
(
0
)