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  3. How many of a random string of numbers—say 1593657292759381380473—do you think you will be able to immediately remember? Some sc

How many of a random string of numbers—say 1593657292759381380473—do you think you will be able to immediately remember? Some sc

admin2019-09-15  22
问题    How many of a random string of numbers—say 1593657292759381380473—do you think you will be able to immediately remember? Some scientists say that you should be able to remember about seven of them. 【R1】__________
   For the random numbers, you could for example remember it as one, five, nine, three. In this case, each individual number counts as a unit. 【R2】__________ So, when scientists say that you can keep a certain number of things in working memory, these individual things can be of varying size, complexity, and importance. Either way, working memory is small but really important.
   What is working memory? Working memory is your brain’s dashboard. It’s the place you can temporarily put information while your brain decides whether or not it is worth the effort to put it somewhere more permanent, like your long-term memory.
   As it turns out, different senses have different dashboard capacity. 【R3】__________Because of this, it is important to look at different types of working memory separately.
   To make matters even more complicated, each and every person has a different ability to keep things in working memory. 【R4】__________
   But, why are some people able to keep more in their working memory than others? New research by a team of scientists at Simon Eraser University has shed light on why some people may be able to keep more things on their brain dashboards than others. The research team, led by psychology professor John McDonald and doctoral student John Gaspar, learned about differences in visual memory by recording people’s brain waves and tracking how they paid attention.
   Attention and memory are inextricably linked. By paying attention to an object, you increase its representation in the brain and make it easier to remember. But making something easier to remember is only one aspect of attention. Paying attention also means ignoring all of the distracting information in our world. 【R5】__________ According to John Gaspar, "This indicates that it might not be about how much relevant information you can remember but instead it might be about how good are you at ignoring irrelevant information."
   This fit well with the scientists’ previous research, which had already demonstrated that the human brain has distinct processes for locking attention onto relevant information and for suppressing irrelevant information.
   [A] However, these differences are not just about how much information people cram into their heads at once, but they’re also about how much people can keep out.
   [B] These individual differences in working memory capacity are important because they have been shown to strongly predict things like intelligence; more working memory capacity generally equals more intelligence.
   [C] More precisely, since a paper from the 1950s, called "The magical number seven, plus or minus two", some have suggested that the capacity of our working memory is typically somewhere between five and nine things—units or chunks of information.
   [D] This means that how much you can remember seems to depend on whether, for example, someone says something to you or shows something to you.
   [E] There are three separate stages of memory—sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory—and the stage model of memory is often used to explain the basic structure and function of memory.
   [F] However, you will be able to remember more of the number if you parse it differently; fifteen, ninety-three, sixty-five, seventy-two. Both of these count as four units, the information is just combined differently.
   [G] And this is where people differ significantly. In the study, people who had low working memory capacities were unable to suppress important, distracting information.
【R5】
选项
答案G
解析 本段主要讲述注意力与记忆之间的关系。空格前一句讲到集中注意力也意味着忽略干扰信息。空格后引用研究人员的话，指出记忆容量的大小可能不在于要记得的相关信息有多少，而在于能否忽视无关信息。空格前后均涉及忽略干扰信息，推测空格处应与此有关。另，空格后的This指代空格处提及的某个内容。而indicates表明该内容应能推导出空格后所说的结论。G提到“工作记忆容量小的人不能屏蔽强干扰信息”这一研究结果，由此可见，工作记忆容量的大小应与屏蔽干扰的能力有关，G与空格后的内容一致，与上述推断的逻辑相符，故为答案。
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