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  3. The two economists call their paper "Mental Retirement", and their argument has aroused the interest of behavioral researchers.

The two economists call their paper "Mental Retirement", and their argument has aroused the interest of behavioral researchers.

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问题     The two economists call their paper "Mental Retirement", and their argument has aroused the interest of behavioral researchers. Data from the United States, England and 11 other European countries suggests that the earlier people retire, the more quickly their memories decline.
    The implication, the economists and others say, is that there really seems to be something to the "use it or lose it" notion—if people want to preserve their memories and reasoning abilities, they may have to keep active.
    "It’s incredibly interesting and exciting," said Laura L. Carstensen, director of the Centre on Longevity (寿命) at Stanford University. "It suggests that work actually provides an important component of the environment that keeps people functioning optimally (最佳地). "
    While not everyone is convinced by the new analysis, published recently in The Journal of Economic Perspectives, a number of leading researchers say the study is, at least, an evidence for a possibility that is widely believed but surprisingly difficult to demonstrate.
    Researchers repeatedly find that retired people as a group tend to do less well on cognitive tests than people who are still working. But, they note, that could be because people whose memories and thinking skills are declining may be more likely to retire than people whose cognitive skills remain sharp.
    And research has failed to support the premise that mastering things like memory exercises, crossword puzzles (纵横字谜) and games like Sudoku carry over into real life, improving overall functioning.
    "If you do crossword puzzles, you get better at crossword puzzles," said Lisa Berkman, director of the Centre for Population and Development Studies at Harvard. "If you do Sudoku, you get better at Sudoku. You get better at one narrow task. But you don’t get better at cognitive behavior in life. "
    The study was possible, explains one of its authors, Robert Willis, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, because the National Institute on Aging began a large study in the United States nearly 20 years ago. Called the Health and Retirement Study, it surveys more than 22 000 Americans over age 50 every two years, and administers memory tests.

Lisa Berkman claimed that Sudoku could________.
选项 A、improve people’s overall functioning greatly
B、make people get better at this narrow task
C、help develop people’s cognitive skills
D、help people live much longer
答案B
解析 由题干中的Lisa Berkman和Sudoku定位到第七段。细节辨认题。由定位段可知，通过对某一项任务，如纵横字谜、数独游戏的训练，你会把一项单独的任务做得越来越好，但这并不意味着你在生活中的认知行为上会表现得越来越好，故B)为正确答案。
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