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  3. Population ageing and the resulting pressures on existing pension sys tems constitutes one of the most important challenges mode

Population ageing and the resulting pressures on existing pension sys tems constitutes one of the most important challenges mode

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问题     Population ageing and the resulting pressures on existing pension sys
tems constitutes one of the most important challenges modern societies will
have to face over the coming decades. Since governments have responded to 【M1】______
the such pressures by adopting a plethora of pension reforms, the adaptation 【M2】______
process is far from over.
    This book comprehensively documents developments in pension policy
in eleven advanced industrial countries in Western Europe, East Asia and
North America. In order to explore what population ageing means for the
sustainability of pension systems, the authors present a detailed preview of 【M3】______
pension policy making over the past two decades and provide an up-to-date
analysis of current pension legislation. They examine the factors that can
facilitate or impede the adaptation of pension systems and the features that
shape and determine reforms. They also highlight the fact that although the
path of reform walked by each country is somewhat different, the processes 【M4】______
at working are often very similar. Ageing populations throughout the world 【M5】______
are extremely reluctant to see their pension systems dismantled and are,
however, prepared to mobilize in their defense. This process of mobilization 【M6】______
interacts demographic pressures and institutional constraints to help deter- 【M7】______
mine the future direction of pension policy.
    The breadth of geographic coverage provides an almost international 【M8】______
picture of the impact of ageing for pension reform, at least in terms of high 【M9】______
income countries. Academics and students with an interest in economics,
social policy, sociology and political science will find this a worthy and re- 【M10】______
warding volume. It will also be of value to policymakers interested in how
the problem of unsustainable pension systems can be resolved.
【M1】
选项
答案Since — Although
解析 第一个分句说政府已经通过实施大量的养老金改革措施来应对这样的压力；第二个分句说这个改变的过程还远远没有结束。那么两个分句之间并不是因果关系，而是让步关系。
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