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  3. 　　In recent years U. S. consumers have migrated away from large national brands in favor of smaller, private-label foods. During

　　In recent years U. S. consumers have migrated away from large national brands in favor of smaller, private-label foods. During

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问题 　　In recent years U. S. consumers have migrated away from large national brands in favor of smaller, private-label foods. During the pandemic, that trend has been【B1】________A new study suggests that deep-seated emotional responses to contagious disease are【B2】________the shift.
　　Much research over the years has shown that people【B3】________to contagious disease with disgust and【B4】________： They instinctively want to【B5】________the threat, and that impulse can cause them to shop less and consume less. But across two large empirical analyses and four experiments, the researchers showed that a second emotion—fear—is also【B6】________, mediating the【B7】________on consumption patterns.
　　Analyzing data from 2009 through 2014 from Google Flu Trends, and Nielsen Consumer panels, they found that people bought more items when the【B8】________of influenza was high in their state, and they【B9】________products that were familiar. If a household had【B10】________favored a certain brand, that preference was more pronounced during spikes of flu.
　　And on an aggregate level, sales of well-known national brands rose disproportionately during outbreaks,【B11】________less-familiar ones. Even less-familiar variations on well-known brands—tiramisu Oreos, say—【B12】________a hit.
　　The threat of contagion creates uncertainty and a【B13】________of losing control, the researchers explain, and when trying to regain control, people【B14】________out the trusted and familiar. The lab experiments showed that this response is【B15】________to communicable diseases and that it also held for nonfood products,【B16】________ headphones. Marketing managers should take note not just during the pandemic【B17】________beyond.
　　The researchers write; "If a product is novel, marketers might be better served【B18】________it in the summer months, when people are less【B19】________to encounter contagious cues and are more receptive to novelty, "【B20】________for familiar products, the converse may be true.
【B11】
选项 A、by means of
B、at the expense of
C、in need of
D、for fear of
答案[B]
解析 本题考查介词短语辨析。四个选项分别为[A]by means of“借助于，用，凭借”；[B]at the expense of“以……为代价”；[C]in need of需要”；[D]for fear of“为了避免，唯恐”。由该句话的意思可知，知名国家品牌产品的销量出现了增长，因此牺牲的代价肯定是不知名的品牌(即人们不太熟悉的品牌)产品销量的下降，根据选项内容，at the expense of放在句中能体现此意。故选项[B]正确。
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