2. 考研
  3. Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U. S. , about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse(温室)gases. The

Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U. S. , about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse(温室)gases. The

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问题     Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U. S. , about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse(温室)gases. They take a similar toll(损耗)of resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world. As vehicle-use continues to increase in the coming decade, the U. S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs. It is unlikely that prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U. S. contribution to global climatic change.
    Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of these—in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity—is ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent. In the U.S. , mass-transit ridership and carpooling(合伙用车)have declined since World War II. Even in western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $ 1 a liter(about $ 4 a gallon)and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel.
    Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions(especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).
The U. S. has to deal with the problems arising from vehicle use because______.
选项 A、most Americans are reluctant to switch to public transportation systems
B、the present level of oil prices is considered unacceptable
C、other countries will protest its increasing greenhouse emissions
D、it should take a lead in conserving natural resources
答案C
解析 本题问美国不得不解决由于汽车使用产生的问题的原因是什么。从文中第1段的后半部分可找到本题的答案。由于汽车使用量将在未来十年不断增长，美国和其他国家不得不处理由此带来的难以承受的经济、健康和政治代价的问题。石油的价格不可能保持目前的低水平，而其他国家也不可能容忍美国对全球气候变化造成的影响。因此C项正确，即其他国家将反对美国日益增多的温室效应的扩散。
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