2. 外语
  3. In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the(1)_____

In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the(1)_____

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问题     In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the(1)_____ half of the 19th century; most of(2)_____ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great(3)_____ during the First World War, when(4)_____ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established(5)_____ in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship.(6)_____ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose(7)_____, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,(8)_____, federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control (9)_____ the day nurseries, chiefly by(10)_____ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
    The(11)_____ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were(12)_____ called up on to replace men in the factories. On this(13)_____ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools,(14)_____ $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (15)_____ this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared(16)_____ in daycare centers receiving Federal(17)______. Soon afterward, the Federal government(18)_____ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later(19)_____ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their(20)_____ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
(10)
选项 A、formulating
B、labeling
C、patenting
D、licensing
答案D
解析 空格前的介词by表明空格处填入的词应表示控制的方式，license表示“给……发许可证”。符合句意，故选D。formulate“制定计划”：label“贴标签于”；patent“得到专利”。
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