首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
职业资格
IF YOU want something done, the saying goes, give it to a busy person. It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines. But a pa
IF YOU want something done, the saying goes, give it to a busy person. It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines. But a pa
admin
2017-04-27
53
问题
IF YOU want something done, the saying goes, give it to a busy person. It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines. But a paper recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests it may, in fact, be true—as long as the busy person conceptualises the deadline in the right way.
Yanping Tu of the University of Chicago and Dilip Soman of the University of Toronto examined how individuals go about both thinking about and completing tasks. Previous studies have shown that such activity progresses through four distinct phases: pre-decision, post-decision(but pre-action), action and review. It is thought that what motivates the shift from the decision-making stages to the doing-something stage is a change in mindset.
Human beings are a deliberative sort, weighing the pros and cons of future actions and remaining open to other ideas and influences. However, once a decision is taken, the mind becomes more "implemental" and focuses on the task at hand. "The mindset towards ’where can I get a sandwich’," explains Ms Tu, "is more implemental than the mindset towards ’should I get a sandwich or not?’"
Ms Tu and Dr Soman advise in their paper that "the key step in getting things done is to get started." But what drives that? They believe the key that unlocks the implemental mode lies in how people categorise time. They suggest that tasks are more likely to be viewed with an implemental mindset if an imposed deadline is cognitively linked to "now"—a so-called like-the-present scenario. That might be a future date within the same month or calendar year, or pegged to an event with a familiar spot in the mind’ s timeline(being given a task at Christmas, say, with a deadline of Easter). Conversely, they suggest, a deadline placed outside such mental constructs(being "unlike-the-present")exists merely as a circle on a calendar, and as such is more likely to be considered deliberatively and then ignored until the last minute.
To
flesh out
this idea, the pair carried out five sets of tests, with volunteers ranging from farmers in India to undergraduate students in Toronto. In one test, the farmers were offered a financial incentive to open a bank account and make a deposit within six months. The researchers predicted those approached in June would consider a deadline before December 31st as like-the-present. those approached in July, by contrast, received a deadline into the next year, and were expected to think of their deadline as unlike-the-present. The distinction worked. Those with a deadline in the same year were nearly four times more likely to open the account immediately as those for whom the deadline lay in the following year. Arbitrary though calendars may be in parsing up the continuous flow of time, humans parse their concept of time in line with
them
.
The effect can manifest itself in even subtler ways. In another set of experiments, undergraduate students were given a calendar on a Wednesday and were asked to suggest an appropriate day to carry out certain tasks before the following Sunday. The trick was that some were given a calendar with all of the weekdays coloured purple, with weekends in beige(making a visual distinction between a Wednesday and the following Sunday). Others were given a calendar in which every other week, Monday to Sunday, was a solid colour(meaning that a Wednesday and the following Sunday were thus in the same week, and in the same colour). Even this minor visual cue affected how like-or unlike-the-present the respondents tended to view task priorities.
These and other bits of framing and trickery in the research support the same thesis: that making people link a future event to today triggers an implemental response, regardless of how far in the future the deadline actually lies. If the journey of 1,000 miles starts with a single step, the authors might suggest that you take that step before this time next week.
Which best describes the author’s tone?
选项
A、Humanistic.
B、Objective.
C、Speculative.
D、Recriminatory.
答案
B
解析
态度题。humanistic“人文主义的”;objective“客观的”;speculative“推理的,思考的”;recriminatory“互相指责的,反控诉的”。全文作者以客观的态度阐述观点,故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/0HD9FFFM
本试题收录于:
英语学科知识与教学能力题库教师资格分类
0
英语学科知识与教学能力
教师资格
相关试题推荐
1951年,欧洲六国签订建立煤钢共同体的条约,规定其最高机构为共同体的总体利益而行使职责,不接受任何政府和组织发出的指示,其委员实行招聘制,由各国政府协商一致后任命。这表明,该共同体是()。
AmongthethrongsofAmericansprowlingthemallsandtrawlinge-commercesites,manyarelookingoutforthemselves.Retail-res
Afterteachingsounds,ateachermakesatestthataimstofindoutwhichsoundsstudentsareandarenotabletopronounce.Thi
Questioningplaysanimportantrolefortheclassroomteaching.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesnotbelongtocomprehensio
Backintheolddays,whenIwasachild,wesataroundthefamilyroundtableatdinnertimeandexchangedourdailyexperience
Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrains
AccordingtoNoamChomsky,humanbeingsarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquireandproducelanguageknownas______.
Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparator
Theballhastobe______becauseofthestorm.
—WhereisTom?—He’sleft______sayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.
随机试题
以生地黄为君药的方剂是
五色分属五脏,则黄色属于
刘某,女,28岁,已婚。平素月经周期错后,本次停经已有百日,心烦易怒,胸胁胀满,小腹微胀,胃脘痞满,头晕。舌苔厚腻,脉弦滑。本证最恰当的处理为
某公路桥梁河床表层分布有8m厚的卵石,其下为微风化花岗岩,节理不发育,饱和单轴抗压强度标准值为25MPa,考虑河床岩层有冲刷,设计采用嵌岩桩基础,桩直径为1.0m,计算得到桩在基岩顶面处的弯矩设计值为1000kN.m,问桩嵌入基岩的有效深度最小为下列何值?
内燃机有哪些固定件?
下列关于个人医疗贷款的表述,错误的是()。
导游人员的独立工作能力主要体现在()。
下列食物中,含不溶性膳食纤维的是()
针对全体女性人口的妇女社会工作的内容包括()。
Theoldladyhada______escapewhenshepassacrosstheroadinfrontofthebus.
最新回复
(
0
)