2. 外语
  3. The proposal to extend clinical trials, which are routinely used as systematic tests of pharmaceutical innovations, to new surgi

The proposal to extend clinical trials, which are routinely used as systematic tests of pharmaceutical innovations, to new surgi

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问题 The proposal to extend clinical trials, which are routinely used as systematic tests of pharmaceutical innovations, to new surgical procedures should not be implemented. The point is that surgical procedures differ in one important respect from medicinal drugs: a correctly prescribed drug depends for its effectiveness only on the drug’s composition, whereas the effectiveness of even the most appropriate surgical procedure is transparently related to the skills of the surgeon who uses it. The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument
选项 A、does not consider that new surgical procedures might be found to be intrinsically more harmful than the best treatment previously available.
B、ignores the possibility that the challenged proposal is deliberately crude in a way designed to elicit criticism to be used in refining the proposal.
C、assumes that a surgeon’s skills remain unchanged throughout the surgeon’s professional life.
D、describes a dissimilarity without citing any scientific evidence for the existence of that dissimilarity.
E、rejects a proposal presumably advanced in good faith without acknowledging any such good faith.
答案A
解析 如果一种新的外科手术内在上有一系列的缺陷，但该手术又不经临床上的验证，因此即使技术最高超的医生来做该手术，病人受到的伤害程度或该手术的副作用可能比以前最好的治疗方法的大，因此即使是与医生的技术紧密相连的外科手术在推广之前也应对它们进行临床验证．．所以(A)指出了本题论述的推理错误，是正确选项。(D)和(E)所描述的逻辑错误与上述分析的不一致，所以为错误选项；(B)和(C)与本题的论述无关。
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