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  3. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

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问题    In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
   In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.
   Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
   One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
The main idea of paragraph 3 is that______.
选项 A、workers now take examinations
B、the population has grown
C、there are only written exams
D、examinations are now written and timed
答案D
解析 主旨题。根据文章第三段第一句和第四句可知，现代考试一般是笔试并用电子表精确计时。选项A(工人们现在参加考试)文章未提及。选项B(人口增加)是笔试考试形式产生的原因，并非第三段的主要意思。选项C(只有笔试)与文章内容不符，文章只是说现代考试一般是笔试，并未说只有笔试，only一词过于绝对。选项D(现在的考试是笔试并计时)符合文意，故本题选D。
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