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考研
Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells—by far the most【C1】________sort—conve
Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells—by far the most【C1】________sort—conve
admin
2022-01-04
23
问题
Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells—by far the most【C1】________sort—convert only a quarter of the light that falls on them. Silicon has the【C2】________of being cheap: manufacturing improvements have brought its price to a point where it is snapping at the heels of fossil fuels.【C3】________many scientists would like to replace it【C4】________something fundamentally better.
John Rogers, of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, is one. The cells he has【C5】________can convert 42.5% of sunlight.【C6】________improved, Dr Rogers reckons, their efficiency could rise to 50%. Their【C7】________is that they are actually not one cell, but four, stacked one on top of another.
Solar cells are made of semiconductors, and every type of semiconductor has a【C8】________called a band gap that is different from that of other semiconductors. The band gap【C9】________the longest wavelength of light a semiconductor can absorb (it is transparent to longer wavelengths). It also fixes the【C10】________amount of energy that can be【C11】________from shorter wavelength. The result is that long-wavelength photons are lost and short-wave ones incompletely utilised.
Dr Rogers【C12】________this by using a different material for each layer of the stack. He chooses his materials【C13】________the bottom of the band gap of the top layer matches the top of the band gap of the one underneath, and so on【C14】________the stack. Each layer thus【C15】________off part of the spectrum, converts it efficiently into electrical energy and passes the rest on.
The problem is that the materials needed to make these semiconductors are【C16】________But Dr Rogers has found a way to overcome this.【C17】________solar-cell modules are completely covered by semiconductor, but in his only 0.1% of the surface is so covered. The semiconducting stacks, each half a millimeter square, are【C18】________over that surface many dots. Each stack then has a pair of cheap glass lenses【C19】________over it. These focus the sun’s light onto the stack, meaning that all【C20】________light meets a semiconductor.
【C2】
选项
A、merit
B、effect
C、accessory
D、bonus
答案
A
解析
根据空格后being cheap(便宜)可以判断这是硅的一种优势,故空格处应填入A项merit“优点”。由空格后的being cheap及冒号后的解释可知,本句讨论的是硅太阳能电池的价格,无关B项effect“效果”。此处讨论的是硅太阳能电池,而不是其部件,因此C项accessory“附件”也可排除。D项bonus“奖金,红利”与主题无关。
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0
考研英语二
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