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  3. （中国矿业大学2009年试题） Solving a problem can be broken into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychol

（中国矿业大学2009年试题） Solving a problem can be broken into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychol

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问题 （中国矿业大学2009年试题）
    Solving a problem can be broken into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer【C1】______this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring【C2】______which information is relevant and which is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere【C3】______arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious【C4】______the problem is, however, this is not as easy【C5】______it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend【C6】______see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools【C7】______the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately,【C8】______, the second step consists【C9】______considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them【C10】______and then make a list【C11】______advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets【C12】______lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems【C13】______the past. Although that can be helpful most【C14】______the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy.【C15】______that case, the mental set must be abandoned, and new alternatives must be explored.
【C1】
选项
答案to
解析 空格所在句子大意为：心理学家称这一步骤为问题表征。refer to sth．是固定搭配，意为“指的是，谈论，参考，参照”。根据句意可知，答案是to。
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