The radical cause of the conflict in Northern Ireland: 【D1】______of Ireland Plantation: Take place in the【D2】______century. Most

The conflict in Northern Ireland appears to be a religious war, but many Irish people would argue that its roots are in the English colonization of Ireland.
    In the sixteenth century, England colonized or "planted" most of Ireland by taking land from the natives and giving it to British people, so creating a population loyal to England.
    Ubster, northernmost of the four Irish provinces, was the last part to be planted, early in the seventeenth century. Plantations in other parts of the land had not been as successful as the English had hoped. They learned from their mistakes and planted Ubster in a much more thorough and organized way. There were also far more voluntary immigrants from Scotland to Ubster than to other parts of Ireland.
    Religion has been an indication, for nearly 300 years, of whether someone is a descendent of the colonizers or the colonized. Throughout this time, certain sectors of each community have kept separate from each other, growing up with a mixture of history and emotional prejudice which helps keep hostility alive.
    Acting under pressure from the Protestant community, who had formed an army to defend their right to remain part of Great Britain, the English Government created the separate state of Northern Ireland.
    Under this new State, Catholics suffered various forms of discrimination, chiefly in political representation, housing and employment.
    The present troubles began in 1968 and 1969 when peaceful marches for Catholic civil rights were violently attacked.