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  3. To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Te

To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Te

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问题     To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
    Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. (46)Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology: they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly got into a mess and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
    Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. (47)There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution.
    Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. (48)It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few. (49)In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication.
    The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and replaced some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. (50)It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.

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答案工业革命实现了大批生产，而由于大批生产，在这个社会中财富不再仅仅掌握在少数人手中。
解析 在翻译本句时，应首先通过上下文找到代词替代的内容，然后将代词还原为所代替内容。通过上下文，可以看出本句中的"it"指的是"工业革命"，翻译时不能把"it"译为"它"，而应译为"工业革命"。另外，需要注意，这个句子有两个并列的分句，"to a society"之前省略了"it gave rise"，"through mass production"是后一个分句的方式状语。词汇方面，give rise to"实现，导致，引起"，如：It would give rise to a great deal of conflict．(这将引起频繁的冲突)。mass production"大批生产"。
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